Propelled by the explosive increases in mobile data traffic volume, existing wireless technologies are stretched to their capacity limits. There is a tremendous need for an expansion in system capacity and an improvement on energy efficiency. In addition, wireless network will support more and more multimedia services and applications, in which user experience has been always an important factor in evaluating the overall network performance. In order to keep pace with this explosion of data traffic and to meet the emerging quality of experience needs, wireless heterogeneous networks have been introduced as a promising network architecture evolution of the traditional cellular network. In this dissertation, we explore video quality-aware spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency in wireless heterogeneous networks|the potentials and the associated technical challenges. In particular, aiming to significantly enhance spectrum efficiency, we need to tackle the interference issue, which is exacerbated in heterogeneous network due to ultra dense node deployment as well as heterogeneity nature of various nodes. Specifically, werst study an optimal intra-cell inter-tier cooperation to mitigate interference between high power nodes and low power nodes. Together with cooperation, optimal mobile association and resource allocation schemes are also intensively investigated in heterogeneous network to achieve system load balancing so that bandwidth at high power and low power nodes can be utilized in the optimal way. The proposed scheme can greatly alleviate inter-tier interference and significantly increase overall system spectrum efficiency in a heterogeneous network. We then further apply advanced algorithms such as precoding, and non-orthogonal multiple access into intra-cell inter-tier cooperation so that the overall system spectrum efficiency and user experience are even more improved. When supporting a video type application in such a heterogeneous network, considering only spectrum efficiency is far from enough as video application is bandwidth consuming, battery consuming, and quality demanding. We develop a video quality-aware spectrum and energy efficiency resource allocation scheme in a wireless heterogeneous network and propose novel performance metrics to establish fundamental relationships among spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, and quality of experience. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the trade-o performance among three performance metrics.