Avant l’arrivée des colons, la division sexuelle du travail dans la communauté traditionnelle gabonaise est basée sur le partage spécifique des tâches : il y a des tâches réservées aux femmes et des tâches réservées aux hommes. Les tâches domestiques sont assignées prioritairement à la femme. Les relations dans la communauté sont fondées sur le lien social renforcé par les normes traditionnelles. L’activité individuelle apparaît vraisemblablement comme faisant partie intégrante de l’activité des membres de l’ensemble de la communauté. C’est ce qui fait la cohésion sociale. Cependant, des transformations s’introduisent dans la société gabonaise avec l’arrivée du salariat. De nouveaux modes de production et de nouvelles configurations du travail s’imposent et mettent en évidence des changements dans les relations de production, dans la division sexuelle du travail, notamment dans les rapports sociaux de sexe. Il importe pour nous d’analyser, à partir de la vieille problématique de la division sexuelle du travail et le discours de socialisation qui présente la femme comme le pilier de la famille par le biais de son rôle de nourricière et d’épouse, et qui présente l’homme comme le chef de famille et le premier pourvoyeur de ressources du ménage, si l’intégration des femmes au salariat serait de nature à modifier ces rapports, qui sous-tendent l’ordre social. Nous appellerons ce processus la "patriarcalisation" que nous allons analyser dans les deux parties de notre travail. En effet, à la production agricole et artisanale qui ravitaillaient le foyer en produits de première nécessité, succède l’économie capitaliste où tout s’achète et s’échange contre de l’argent. La contribution financière de la femme gabonaise par le biais du salaire ne participerait-elle pas au renversement des rapports sociaux de sexe dans le ménage ? / Before the capitalist economy’s arrival, the gender-divided repartition of labour in the traditional Gabonese community is built around tasks that are specifically devolved to one or the other sex: there are tasks that are meant to be done by women and others to be done by men. The housework is primarily assigned to women. Relationships within the community are based on a social fabric strengthened by traditional norms. Individual activity appears to be in all probability an integral partof the activity of all community members. That is what holds the social fabric together. Yet Gabonese society is transformed by the advent of the wage system. New modes of production and new labour configuration are gaining over old ones and highlighting changes in production relations, in the gender-segmented repartition of work, notably in the social relations between the sexes. It is important that we analyze, starting with the previous state of the repartition of labour by genderand the view on socialization that makes women the mainstays of the family through her roles as feeder and wife and makes men heads of the family and the main providers for the household, whether women’s integration in the wage system might bring about changes in these relations which underlie social order. We will call this process “patriarcalisation” and we will analyze it in the two parts of our work. In fact, to the home-grown and home-crafted production that used to provide first necessity products succeeds capitalist economy where everything can be bought and sold for money. Could the financial contribution of the Gabonese woman through her wages be instrumental in the reversal of social roles among the sexes in the household?

The subject of the thesis is systematic job evaluation for purposes of local wage determination for blue-collar jobs within the Swedish industry. The method is examined from a general wage-determination as well as from a gender equality perspective. The thesis is based on e.g. documents from the parties, on interviews with representatives of employers and unions at the central and local level, and on interviews with persons participating in job evaluation work in some companies. An analysis is made of one of the most common job evaluation systems, including the changes it has undergone since the 1950s. The use of a job evaluation system implies that a linkage is made between /certain/job demands and wages. It also means that this linkage is made in a systematic way. Systematics might, in its turn, imply consistency, rigidity and explicity. The thesis examines the significance of a linkage demands-wages and of consistency, rigidity and explicity for the parties' attitudes towards the method; as a purpose or as a means to achieve other goals. It demonstrates that the employers' problems to recruit labour and a desire for an increased wage differentiation has constituted a major reason for using the systems. The job evaluation system examined does not consider, or gives low weight to, certain demands which are common in female-dominated jobs. Various circumstances in the evaluation work process which provide it with scope for consideration are identified. This scope for consideration may disfavour female-dominated jobs. The thesis claims that the scope for consideration yet is less than in an unsystematic overall assessment of différencies in job demands between various jobs. A completed systematic job evaluation offers a basis for speaking of "work of equal value" in the sense of the Swedish Equal Opportunities Act, and forces the employer to explain possible différencies in the terms of employment when the points allotted are equal. It is unclear whether the court has to accept the application of the system made by the parties, or whether it could make its own evaluation with the same system. So far, no case concerning work of equal value has been settled in court. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Univ., 1991</p> / digitalisering@umu