The thesis aims to explore the experiences of minority ethnic women accountants in the UK through the use of the oral history method. It seeks to give visibility to the experience(s) of professional women accountants from minority ethnic communities who have to date remained largely invisible in accountancy literature. It is argued that part of the reason for this invisibility lies in the methods employed in accounting research and the operation of statistics issued by the accounting profession. The author argues that one way round this can be achieved through the use of oral history. Although recent studies in the field of accounting have focused upon issues relating to gender, much of the literature remains silent with respect to qualitative material which illuminates women's lived experiences of accountancy. Furthermore, the experience(s) of women accountants from minority ethnic communities is invisible in the accountancy literature. This is because much of the literature ignores cultural diversity and treats women as a homogenous group, that is white and middle-class. This invisibility is reinforced further as women from minority ethnic communities are absent from the official gender statistics which are (re)produced by the accounting profession. Five oral histories are presented, explored and analyzed, together with the author's own life history. It is suggested that an exploration of oral narratives cannot take place without acknowledgment and making visible of the researcher's own life history and presence in the construction and exploration of oral narratives. The empirical material in the form of oral narratives reveals the presence of various invisible and visible forms of gender and ethnicity which appear to operate through a variety of forms in the structured work and workplace of accounting. Some possibilities for making issues of gender and ethnicity visible in accountancy are further explored.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

據稿本複印 / 論文(哲學敎育碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院教育學部,1993. / 參考文獻: leaves 112-118 / 劉玉玲. / Chapter 第一章 --- 研究背景 / Chapter 第一節 --- 西風東漸下的適應對策 / Chapter 一 --- 教育改革 / Chapter 二 --- 教育思想 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究動機與問題 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻綜述 / Chapter 第一節 --- 原始史料舉隅 / Chapter 第二節 --- 傳統婦女生活的文獻 / Chapter 一 --- 傳統婦女生活的具體問題 / Chapter 二 --- 婦女生活史 / Chapter 第三節 --- 晚清教育改革下興辦女學的文獻 / Chapter 一 --- 晚清婦女教育 / Chapter 二 --- 興辦女學的勢力 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究設計 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究範疇 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究方法 / Chapter 第三節 --- 分析觀點 / Chapter 第四章 --- 巨變前夕的婦女生活與教育 / Chapter 第一節 --- 生活實踐與社會陋俗 / Chapter 第二節 --- 思想規範與女教書籍 / Chapter 第三節 --- 從識字到求學問 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 / Chapter 第五章 --- 創辦突破性的基督教女學堂的目的與對策(1842-1911) / Chapter 第一節 --- 基督教辦學的壓力與障礙 / Chapter 一 --- 侵略者形像 / Chapter 二 --- 中西文化差異下的官紳反教 / Chapter 三 --- 政府的態度 / Chapter 第二節 --- 堅持傳道的辦學目標 / Chapter 一 --- 從傳道到辦學 / Chapter 二 --- 傳教士作為辦女學的重要媒介 / Chapter 三 --- 創辦女學堂的目的 / Chapter 第三節 --- 基督教辦女學堂的本土化與世俗化取向 / Chapter 一 --- 小史 / Chapter 二 --- 對象的轉變 / Chapter 三 --- 課程的安排 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 / Chapter 第六章 --- 本土地方官紳興辦女學堂的潮流(1898-1911) / Chapter 第一節 --- 提論與事實的序列 / Chapter 第二節 --- 本土興辦女學目的的研究 / 同情婦女的先覺者 / Chapter 二 --- 為富強而辦女學 / Chapter 三 --- 創辦女學及其目的實踐的障礙 / Chapter 第三節 --- 本土興辦女學堂在學生與課程方面的特色 / Chapter 一 --- 發展概況 / Chapter 二 --- 收生對象的年齡與身份 / Chapter 三 --- 課程安排-德智體三育 / Chapter 四 --- 女學生形像-從校園走出社會 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 / Chapter 第七章 --- 總論 / 參考書目

余志明. / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1999. / 參考文獻 (leaves 114-119). / 附中英文摘要. / Yu Zhiming. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi) -- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1999. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 114-119). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter (一) --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter (二) --- 宋代以前的貞節觀念 --- p.7 / Chapter (三) --- 宋人對婦女改嫁的態度 / Chapter (1) --- 皇室對婦女改嫁的態度 --- p.41 / Chapter (2) --- 士人對婦女改嫁的態度 --- p.49 / Chapter (3) --- 民間對婦女改嫁的態度 --- p.60 / Chapter (四) --- 宋代婦女的守節行爲 / Chapter (1) --- 夫死守節不嫁 --- p.64 / Chapter (2) --- 賊人相逼寧死不從 --- p.70 / Chapter (3) --- 士人對婦女守節的態度 --- p.77 / Chapter (五) --- 宋代法律與貞節 --- p.90 / Chapter (六) --- 宋代理學與婦女守節 --- p.102 / Chapter (七) --- 結語 --- p.113 / Chapter (八) --- 徵引資料 --- p.114

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Describing historical accounts of Canadian Nikkei1 experience, historian Midge (Michiko) Ayukawa (1996) writes that these accounts represent "history in the passive voice, and that it is necessary to retell it with the eyes and ears of the people who were directly involved" (3). For Nikkei women, "history in the passive voice" has either completely overlooked their experiences or narrowly defined their social role in terms of domesticity and submission to a patriarchal authority. The dominant image of the Japanese Canadian woman has been that of the "good wife, wise mother" (Ayukawa 1995). This ideal image of womanhood emerged as a component in the dramatic processes of social reform in Meiji Japan (1868-1912). Both Caucasian and Nikkei historians have sustained the power of this mythical image by characterizing those experiences that exceed its conceptual boundaries as merely idiosyncratic. Simultaneously, however, Nikkei women have been weaving narratives of their history which both duplicate and subvert this image of quiet domesticity. This study contrasts processes of identity formation in twentieth-century writing by and about Canadian Nikkei women. I approach these narratives by first analyzing the categories of race, class, ethnicity, culture, and gender that historians, anthropologists, literary theorists, and theorists of ethnicity have constructed in order to interpret and contain them. I then examine how the narratives engage with three dominant discourses of being, namely those concerned with food, sexuality, and the transmission of culture. For several reasons, I treat this body of writing from an interdisciplinary and multi-theoretical perspective. My sources include published and unpublished texts from a variety of disciplines, including anthropology, history, literature, and geography. These texts embrace a wide range of genres, among them fiction, poetry, autobiography, the essay, the journal, the letter, so-called conventional scholarship, and responses to an ethnograhic questionnaire that I have collected. The texts are also informed by both Japanese and "western"2 cultural ideas and practices, and sometimes by several additional cultural influences. Their writers create a complex interrelation of textual identities which invites a range of disciplinary and theoretical perspectives. Thus I examine the texts by engaging with a number of theories, including deconstructive postmodernism, deconstructive feminism, feminist anthropology, feminist history, and close textual analysis. I base this study on the theoretical premise that to treat narratives of experience rigorously, the researcher must regard the texts as both objects of study and authoritative critical voices (Cole and Phillips 1995; Chow 1993; Trinh 1989; Clifford and Marcus 1986). Therefore, I look to writing by Nikkei women for its reflections on Nikkei women's experiences, but also for guidance in interpreting the texts under study. As well, I read these texts for their critical comment on the conceptual categories that conventional scholarship has used to manage the unruliness and ambiguity of Nikkei women's narratives and experience. By welcoming the categorically disruptive, my analysis offers a theoretical perspective that may help to ensure a creative interrelation of theory and praxis. [Footnotes] 1 "Nikkei" are individuals of Japanese descent living outside of Japan. 2 Some researchers favour the upper case "Western" to describe North American and European theoretical traditions across disciplines (Mennell 1985). I include in the category of "western" all those ideas that become a body of thought as they are used to distinguish them from "eastern" or "oriental." With the success of European and American imperialist projects from the nineteenth century to the present, this "setting-off against the Orient," as Said calls it (Orientalism 3), exceeds national boundaries. One can say, then, that there are critics of Japanese ancestry, residing in Japan and elsewhere, who write from a western point of view. Thus, I depend on the lower-case "western," to emphasize the constructed nature of western ideology, as opposed to the stricter geographical or political connotations suggested by the proper noun.

This masters thesis in creative writing is comprised of two sections, a critical review of contemporary love stories written by women in the narrative mode and a novel entitled Si tes reves m'etaient contes. / In our study of Le recit amoureux feminin actuel, we attempt to explain women's preference for the narrative mode, to describe the new vocabulary of love and highlight its specific meaning and style. How do women write about love, how do they portray men, what have become their amorous preoccupations in the recent years? / Si tes reves m'etaient contes is the story of Catherine who, fast approaching her forties, reflects upon her life and her marriage. She is forced to conclude that her husband, whom she thought she knew so intimately, is no longer the man she married. He has become a stranger to her.

This thesis examines the existence, contribution and recognition of Scottish gardening women for the period 1800 to 1930. The focus was conceived in response to the lack of attention given to female Scottish gardeners in traditional narratives of Britain’s, and more specifically, Scotland’s gardening history. Despite evidence to suggest that women have participated in gardening since the development of the earliest gardens, canonical narratives reveal a preoccupation with white, male, often elite plantsmen, many of whom were Scottish, that pay little or no attention to female involvement. The study begins by considering the degree to which Scotland’s gardening men were successful by unpacking their role and influence, how they were able to make a contribution to gardening and the ways in which they were recognised. This is followed by an assessment of the relative invisibility of women within historical gardening narratives. The recent emergence of feminist studies concentrating on the work of women gardeners has helped to correct this imbalance, but their primary focus on English women has highlighted the disparity between the growing awareness of female gardeners in England and the continuing obscurity of their Scottish counterparts. At the heart of this research is an in-depth biographical analysis of thirteen gardening women, which uncovers their work and contributes to an understanding of the history of women gardeners in Scotland at a time when gardening was dominated by men and undergoing a period of growth and professionalisation. The thesis demonstrates that the women went beyond the confines of their own gardens and achieved within the wider, public sphere of horticulture in Scotland. Some made significant collections of seeds and plants, whilst others used their skills as nurserywomen to cultivate them and, in so doing, they played a part in our knowledge and understanding of plant taxonomy. The transition from amateur gardener to professional status was also achieved and, based on the evidence found within this study, some women were instrumental in pioneering women’s entry into professional gardening. However, few were recognised by the horticultural establishment either during their lifetime or posthumously. This thesis sets the women within their cultural context and addresses the impact of factors such as social class, education, family obligations and gendered prejudice on their ability to achieve and the extent to which their work was recognised in comparison to that of their male contemporaries. As a result, it fills the gaps in our knowledge and understanding of Scotland’s gardening women and provides evidence on which to refute the suggestion that their elision from traditional narratives of Scottish garden history is justified.