Ce travail a pour but d' analyser la facon dont deux romancieres africaines, Veronique Tadjo et Calixthe Beyala, reussissent a rendre leurs romans plus proches de leurs experiences personnelles en tant que femmes. En exploitant des formes innovatrices, elles arrivent a depeindre les complexites de la condition de la femme. Pour mieux comprendre ces nouveaux procedes d' ecriture, nous montrerons l' importance de la forme ainsi que le rapport entre la forme et le contenu dans les romans A Vol d'oiseau (1986) et Le Petit Prince de Belleville (1992). Nous commencerons en situant le moment litteraire ou elles ecrivent dans le courant de la litterature africaine. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinerons la forme des deux romans en nous basant, en partie, sur quelques concepts tires de Esthetique et theorie du roman de Mikhail Bakhtine. Le deuxieme chapitre portera sur le rapport entre la forme et son contenu. Nous pourrons conclure qu' a travers deux formes differentes l' une de l' autre, Veronique Tadjo et Calixthe Beyala proposent une solution originale pour l' emancipation des femmes africaines dans une ecriture variee et dynamique.

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This dissertation is a study of women and utterance in contexts of violence in the three selected novels written by the late Yvonne Vera: Nehanda (1993), Without a Name (1994), and The Stone Virgins (2002). A study of the representation of women in particular is appropriate because their role in the making of the history of Zimbabwe has been deliberately undermined or ignored by 'patriotic' historians and politicians alike. This study incorporates a historical and post-colonial feminist analysis of women and their empowerment through utterance in Vera's novels. Their achieving utterance is seen as a way of countering a past tendency to focus on women being victims of patriarchal ideologies with little being done to expose the degree and nature of women's resistance against oppressive, socially constructed gender relations. The kind of violence experienced by Vera's women is both physical (rape and murder) and psychological. Two dimensions of utterance have been explored in this study. Firstly, the study examined what the characters can and cannot say about their conditions of suffering. This entailed an examination of their cultural and contextual limitations as well as their personal difficulties. Secondly, the study investigated how Vera, writing some fifteen years after the events she depicts and with the advantage of hindsight, represents her women characters as agents of their own recovery from the violation perpetrated against them. This involved an analysis of Vera's utterance and her thematic concerns, especially her revisioning of history in breaking the silence of her women characters. Positioned in relation to existing critical works on Vera's novels, this study's contribution to the critical debate has been its demonstration of how Vera, through the use of her narrative technique and unique poetic style was able to challenge the conditions of women in the past in a way that has relevance to present-day Zimbabwe and offers possibilities for the future Zimbabwe. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

The thesis provides a feminist analysis of the Zimbabwean women writer Tsitsi Dangarembga’s novel, Nervous Conditions (1988), reading the novel as a critique of African patriarchy. The thesis examines the different ways in which African patriarchy broadly manifests itself regarding the subaltern position of women. It then analyses a range of feminist theories, extracting from them concepts useful to an understanding of the novel. Finally, the thesis analyses in detail Dangarembga’s novel in the light of an understanding of African patriarchy and feminist theories. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

This thesis examines the life and poetry of the woman poet Gu Taiqing (1799-1877) within the context of a community of gentry women in mid-nineteenth century Beijing. This group of women was a "community" in the sense that their contact, sociability, friendship and poetry writing were meaningfully intertwined in their lives. The thesis is divided into three interconnected chapters. Two separate biographical accounts of Gu Taiqing's life---one centered around the relationship with her husband, and the second around her relationship with her female friends---are reconstructed in the first chapter. This biographical chapter underlines the importance of situating Gu in the women's community to understand her life and poetry. The second is comprised of a reconstruction of this women's community, delineating its members and distinctive features. In the third chapter, a close-reading of Gu's poems in relation to the women's community focuses on the themes of xian (leisure), parting, and friendship. This chapter shows how each of these themes are represented by Gu and how her representations are closely related to the experiences of this women's group.

As women's literature emerged in late nineteenth-century Italy, female authors encountered many obstacles. Foremost among them was the near-total absence of Italian female literary role models. Female writers often expressed ambivalence towards the writing of other women, which was considered inferior to male writing. However, their reverence for male writers revealed how conflictive their identities as writers were, and it was an impediment to the establishment of a serious women's literary tradition. In addition to such personal conflicts, these writers also faced the challenge of gaining acceptance by the male-dominated literary community and by their readers. These two groups expected that women's writing conform to a moral code which did not apply to men's writing. This thesis is an analysis of the specific problems that female novelist Bruno Sperani and others faced as they strove to establish themselves in Italian literature.

This study introduced six African-American female journalists in Indiana and provided an intimate account of their perception of media in regards to African-American female journalists of the 21st century. The women were publicly analyzed with a series of questions and candidly discussed the role of Black female journalists at work, in their personal lives, and their communities in general. The women shared similar responses in regards to four main topics: diversity in media, gender-related challenges, career enjoyment and impact on their communities. The most pressing issue of concern was diversity. All of the women agreed that diversity is ineffectively addressed and provided suggestions. The two research questions concluded (1) none of the women credited any female pioneer in Black journalism to their success and (2) the women did not credit early Black female journalists toward their decision to obtain longevity in journalism. / Department of Journalism

In this dissertation I conduct a feminist recovery of the baby book as one kind of ordinary women's domestic rhetoric. I analyze the ways in which the baby book's evolution reflects changes in cultural practices over time and the means by which the baby book constitutes acts of potentially subversive agency in its power to resist patriarchal structuring. I classify the baby book within the ancient rhetorical genre of encomium, allowing us to perceive how a culture, situated in time and place, values the perception and presentation of an infant and the culturally-assigned role of the mother in the formation of that presentation. The genre of encomium must be redefined as an ongoing, dynamic, adaptive genre.I conduct an interpretation of more than the mere artifact, but of the production and experience of that artifact as well. Thus, this study establishes a unique and significant role for a de-reading methodology as a viable introduction and theoretical foundation to approaching domestic texts, involving self figuration on the part of the researcher and an empathic approach to reading that privileges a loving, appreciative standpoint.My analysis of over fifty baby books from 1885 through 2007 reveals that the role of the baby books and the role of the mother are assigned, to a great extent, by the definition of "family" and shaped by socioeconomic forces. Mothers subvert or comply with the directives from the publishers, thereby implying rejection of or compliance with the maternal script through such strategies as appropriation of space, inclusion of artifacts, and omission. This discovery expands our notion of agency in terms of the power of form, the role of the audience, and the connections to material and symbolic cultural context.My research establishes a line of inquiry into the material practices of production and simultaneously brings into view an array of texts that have been outside the conventional purview of rhetorical scholarship. For those who want to recover women's rhetoric and to extend an understanding of rhetorical praxis, baby books are a valuable primary and, until now, untapped source, as well as a "new" type of rhetorical evidence. / Department of English

This thesis is about the origins and implementation of the Equal Pay Act and Sex Discrimination Act in Britain. For historical and methodological reasons the subject is treated comparatively with similar American policies. British policy makers looked to the United States as an exemplar in this field. The thesis discusses one theory about innovation which predicts such a process. Accounts of policy formation and implementation are used as a method of comparing the general political processes of the two countries. The first chapter introduces ideas about the study of policy and the pattern and timing of policy innovations. It also refers to early moves in the emancipation of women in Britain and America. Part I is about the origins of laws promoting equality of opportunity for working women. It deals with the problems the legislation was supposed to solve, the growth of interest in economic as well as political emancipation and with the actual provisions of the new laws. The emphasis is on Britain to which three chapters are devoted. Similar trends and events in America are dealt with more briefly in a single chapter. Part II discusses implementation in both countries, stressing the essentially political aspects of this process. That is to say, Chapters VI and VII consider the activities of the principle administrative agencies and departments and the courts. The concluding chapter compares the different approaches of American and British institutions promoting equality in the light of variations in more general aspects of politics. Thus it attempts to contribute to the discipline of comparative politics.

In this thesis, I argue the case for putting the industrial revolution back into literary accounts of the Romantic period. Writers of fiction played an important part in disseminating knowledge about the changes to technology and society, as well as helping to form the image of the newest social class: that of the industrial workers. Literature aspired to educate and integrate this class, as well as to influence the parallel process of educating the upper classes about the advent of the new manufacturing order. I have taken as the governing metaphor for industrialization that of 'white slavery', drawing the contrast to the contemporary movement to abolish black slavery. To illustrate the thesis, I have chosen six writers: three Romantic poets - Coleridge, Southey and Wordsworth - and three women educationalists - Hannah More, Maria Edgeworth and Harriet Martineau, each of whom represents a significant philosophical approach to a manufacturing society and who each made an important contribution to imaginative literature. Whilst the Romantic poets analysed industrialization as a divisive and demoralizing phenomenon and looked to the past for solutions, the educationalists responded to the challenge presented by the factory system by suggesting new visions of social relationships which bound moral and economic behaviour together. The thesis aspires to restore the voices of neglected women writers in the industrial debate with the aim of promoting a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the Romantic period and a fuller comprehension of its creative expression.