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This study has investigated the debate about allowing women to be consecrated as priests that started as a propositon at the Church meetings in Sweden between 1957 and 1958. The essay's purpose was to shed light on the newspaper debate attitude towards the introduction of female priests, focusing on the debates that took place in two dioceses: Gothenburg and Växjö. It presents the arguments for and against female priests that occur in the studies material. Furthermore, the study has also examined which groups argued for and against female priests with a grouping by gender. The study has in a larger sense tried to bring greater understanding of gender relations in theological circles in the 1950s. To examine this the study is based on debate articles and letters to the editor in local newspapers from the two dioceses.    The primary result of the essay was that the secular arguments for and against female priests was based on the perception that men and women are different to each other and that this could either hurt or help the church. Some also argued that men and women are the same and that they therefore should be allowed in the priesthood. Regarding the theological arguments, revolves around how the Bible should be interpreted in the modern day. Furthermore, the study showed that both dioceses argued in majority for female priests, but the resistance was greater in Gothenburg and amongst men in both dioceses.

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This thesis utilizes the theory of feminism in all its implied branches in an attempt to critically review the subtle and sometimes deliberate subjugation of women in general and South Africa in particular. This occurs, in spite of the fact that there are laws in place that are meant to discourage women abuse. Juxtaposing this is the perspective conception of women, looking at themselves as subjects of virtue who deserve equal treatment to any other human being. It is through some oral forms that this reflection could be tested. Praise poetry, in the hands of a creative artist opens up a world of human emotions that could not be easily seen or felt, and yet it can simultaneously be used to manipulate situations. Language therefore could be seen as a powerful double-edged instrument. The patriarchal system, in this thesis, is exposed as that holy ideology turned unholy to achieve condescending agendas against women. The thin light of respect demonstrated by the traditionalist thinking is made to disappear into thin air, especially when contaminated by Western ideas. It is the resoluteness and the fair obstinacy of some both traditional and modern women that determinedly stood up to conscientise the world in terms of respect for human life irrespective. In this research, an exploration of literary elements within four Nguni languages, that is Siswati, isiZulu, isiNdebele, and isiXhosa reveals the singularity of purpose, for these elements to be manipulated to achieve domineering intentions. Be that as it may, tibongo (praise poems/ praises) of outstanding women who have served in traditional leadership in these language groups give reason to challenge any idea that women should by virtue be relegated to the back seat. Through these tibongo it becomes apparent that because of the women leaders’ stubborn fairness and unparalleled foresight, they have become personifications of democratic values and as such, role models and symbolic hope not only for the empowerment of women, but also for their total liberation from all negative perceptions and oppressions. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

During the course of my dissertation I demonstrate the way in which Anglo-Indian women writers of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century diverge from the genre of the "feminine picturesque" as explained by Sara Suleri in her book, The Rhetoric of English India. I look too, at what Indo-English women use as a genre, instead of the "feminine picturesque". I also apply Spivakean ideas on representation to their writing in order to see the similarities and differences between my primary texts and the theory. I begin my dissertation by explaining what Sara Suleri means by the "feminine picturesque" and how I intend using it to better understand the primary texts I look at. I also explain Spivak's ideas on representation and how I intend using them to further my appreciation of Anglo-Indian and Indo-English writing of this period. I conclude my thesis by discussing my findings with regard to the theorists looked at, and how their ideas have been reflected in the four principal texts I examined. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.

This thesis utilizes the theory of feminism in all its implied branches in an attempt to critically review the subtle and sometimes deliberate subjugation of women in general and South Africa in particular. This occurs, in spite of the fact that there are laws in place that are meant to discourage women abuse. Juxtaposing this is the perspective conception of women, looking at themselves as subjects of virtue who deserve equal treatment to any other human being. It is through some oral forms that this reflection could be tested. Praise poetry, in the hands of a creative artist opens up a world of human emotions that could not be easily seen or felt, and yet it can simultaneously be used to manipulate situations. Language therefore could be seen as a powerful double-edged instrument. The patriarchal system, in this thesis, is exposed as that holy ideology turned unholy to achieve condescending agendas against women. The thin light of respect demonstrated by the traditionalist thinking is made to disappear into thin air, especially when contaminated by Western ideas. It is the resoluteness and the fair obstinacy of some both traditional and modern women that determinedly stood up to conscientise the world in terms of respect for human life irrespective. In this research, an exploration of literary elements within four Nguni languages, that is Siswati, isiZulu, isiNdebele, and isiXhosa reveals the singularity of purpose, for these elements to be manipulated to achieve domineering intentions. Be that as it may, tibongo (praise poems/ praises) of outstanding women who have served in traditional leadership in these language groups give reason to challenge any idea that women should by virtue be relegated to the back seat. Through these tibongo it becomes apparent that because of the women leaders’ stubborn fairness and unparalleled foresight, they have become personifications of democratic values and as such, role models and symbolic hope not only for the empowerment of women, but also for their total liberation from all negative perceptions and oppressions. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

This study looks at the economic, political and social history of women in the Yoruba area of south-western Nigeria in the 19th century using contemporary sources which have remained previously largely untapped for historical studies of women. The century encompassed many key historical developments which affected women; in particular, the decline of the Atlantic slave trade and the growth of an export trade in locally produced palm oil and kernels. Whereas the slave trade had been dominated by men, the processing, transport and trade of palm produce was dominated by women. The extent, nature and effects of women's role in this and other industries such as pottery manufacture, dyeing and food vending, which also expanded and developed during this period, are examined. As demand for palm produce and other goods increased, the labour of both free-born and slave women became more valuable since it was vital for industry at all stages. The study looks at changing labour demands and sources and alterations in the established pattern of the sexual and generational division of labour. Important changes in gender relations are evident and the study illuminates how tensions between men and women and between women themselves were manifest and how both men and women expressed and dealt with these problems. Economic changes were accompanied by largely internal political developments which favoured a few wealthy women. overall, many men perceived and/or experienced that increasing female autonomy posed a threat to the established patriarchal order. The evidence represented in the thesis clearly shows how men attempted to subordinate women in general, tap into their income and limit their political involvement, mainly through the development of exploitative and restrictive aspects of male-dominated politico-religious cults, which were directed specifically at women.

梁珊珊. / "2006年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 133-146). / "2006 nian 8 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Liang Shanshan. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 133-146). / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究對象 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究範圍 --- p.5 / Chapter 第三節 --- 他人硏究成果槪述 --- p.18 / Chapter 第四節 --- 女性主義敘事學理論簡介 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二章 --- “五四´ح時期書信體小說興起的源流及槪况 --- p.26 / Chapter 第一節 --- 客觀歷史條件的具備 --- p.27 / Chapter 第二節 --- 晚清以迄“五四´ح書信體小說的流變 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三節 --- 西方文學理論的影響 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三章 --- 書信體小說的文體特徵 --- p.46 / Chapter 第一節 --- 真實性 --- p.46 / Chapter 第二節 --- 私密性/封閉性 --- p.48 / Chapter 第三節 --- 對話性/公共性 --- p.53 / Chapter 第四節 --- 兼容性 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四章 --- 書信體小說的敘述視點及敘述層次 --- p.58 / Chapter 第一節 --- 敘述視點 --- p.58 / Chapter 第二節 --- 敘述層次 --- p.74 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.87 / Chapter 第五章 --- 書信體小說的女性主義敘事學硏究 --- p.88 / Chapter 第一節 --- 作者型敘述聲音 --- p.94 / Chapter 第二節 --- 個人型敘述聲音 --- p.100 / Chapter 第三節 --- 集體型敘述聲音 --- p.108 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.110 / Chapter 第六章 --- 書信體小說的衰落 --- p.113 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.118 / Chapter 第一節 --- 總結 --- p.118 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究意義 --- p.123 / [附錄一]“五四´ح女作家小傳 --- p.125 / [附錄二] “五四´ح女作家書信體小說(1917-1927)列表 --- p.131 / 參考文獻 --- p.133 / Chapter 一、 --- 作家作品 --- p.133 / Chapter 二、 --- 參考. --- p.135 / Chapter 三、 --- 學位論文 --- p.141 / Chapter 四、 --- 期刊論文 --- p.141

This thesis explores the history of British anthropology at the start of the twentieth century through a biographical focus on Maria Antonina Czaplicka (1884-1921). The title calls into question the marginalisation of people and processes in the history of anthropology that do not explicitly contribute to the dominant lineage of British social anthropology and offers to add depth and nuance to the narrative through analysis stemming from material sources. I use Czaplicka as a case study to demonstrate how close attention to a seemingly marginal person with an incomplete and scattered archival record, can help formulate a clearer picture of what anthropology was and what it can thus become. My research contributes to the understanding and appreciation of women's involvement in anthropology, calls into question national borders of the discipline at this point in time, highlights the networks that nurtured it, and demonstrates the potential that museum collections have for an enriched understanding of the history of anthropology. I propose that history of anthropology is better understood through a planar approach that allows multiple parallel developments to exist together rather than envisaging a linear evolution towards a single definition of social anthropology. The project lays the groundwork for further research into the role that museums can have for understanding anthropological legacy and the possibilities they may have in creating fresh understandings of the contemporary world.