Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1985. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-114). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

No description available.

Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-142).

No description available.

The South African government has placed great emphasis on SMMEs being the group that could assist in steering the economy. It reviewed the measure of introducing women to the mainstream economy, as a marginalised group that are a majority in numbers, but a minority in the economy due to circumstances surrounding their traditional role and especially due to the constraints of the previous regime. The current government has introduced sweeping reforms through regulations aimed at preferential procurement of female-owned companies, but regardless of all government's initiatives female owned companies still struggle to compete with their male counterparts in the construction industry. The research problem questions the processes and systems put in place to alter the social, political and economic climate in South Africa that created a new cycle of opportunities and threats for the different stakeholders. It gave rise to hidden occlusions based on gender and race that need to be addressed. Frustrations such as those found in the empowerment initiatives of BEE that resulted in the decline of standards and an increase in the disadvantaged groups trapped into worse liabilities are worth mentioning. The literature review has produced important recommendations that when implemented may resolve the flaws that tend to create opportunities for unintended parties. Issues such as motivational factors, collaboration between partners, sound partnering relationships and establishing an organisational culture will assist role players to take stock, enable them to make a turn-around, view challenges in terms of concealed manifestations and ultimately effectively address said challenges. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2012

Thesis (B.A. Hons. 1979) from the Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide.

Orientador: Angelo Zanaga Trape / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T15:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo_VanessaCatherinaNeumann_D.pdf: 4421936 bytes, checksum: 977aefceaac1c12fc11f98a25b94ef2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa de corte transversal procurou verificar as condições de saúde de trabalhadoras inseridas no processo produtivo de bijuterias e folheados de Limeira, SP. Para isso, traçou-se um perfil acerca do trabalho realizado, exposição ao cianeto e queixas de saúde auto-referidas, comparando um grupo de 191 trabalhadoras inseridas em empresas com processo de galvanoplastia (expostas ao cianeto) e um grupo de 192 trabalhadoras inseridas em empresas que fabricam e montam peças brutas (não expostas ao cianeto). Foi aplicado um questionário para levantamento de informações sócio-demográficas, familiares e funcionais, além do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho, o SRQ-20, o SF-36, o Audit e a Escala de Tolerância de Fagerström. No geral, 44,4% das trabalhadoras são solteiras, 54,3% têm entre 20 e 29 anos, 49,9% são brancas, 62,9% têm ensino médio completo, 55,4% não têm filhos, 40,7% afirmaram ter alguma lesão ou doença confirmada por médico e o Estado de Saúde (SF36) teve uma média de 66,9. As questões relacionadas a favoritismo e discriminação dentro de ambiente e a pouca perspectiva de crescimento são os fatores psicossociais mais estressantes para essa população, sendo que 14,8% apresentaram classificação positiva para transtornos mentais comuns (SRQ-20), com dores de cabeça freqüentes. Sobre o estilo de vida, 93,7% apresentaram baixo risco de dependência alcoólica (Audit), e 65,5% nunca fumaram. Sobre o trabalho, 59% não usam EPI, 68,4% ocupam o cargo de Auxiliar de Ourives, e entre as trabalhadoras inseridas no processo de tratamento de superfície 48,9% lidam diretamente com cianeto. Na comparação entre os grupos foi encontrada uma diferença estatisticamente significante com relação ao número de lesões e doenças referidas confirmadas por avaliação médica (ICT), sendo que o grupo exposto apresentou menos lesões que o grupo não exposto ao cianeto (p=0,042), e o grupo exposto apresentou diferenças com relação à prevalência de distúrbios de tireóide (p=0,022), bronquite crônica (p=0,027) e sinusite crônica (p=0,022), enquanto que o grupo não exposto apresentou maior prevalência de lesões nos braços e nas mãos (p <0,001). Os distúrbios de tireóide foram associados a um maior tempo de trabalho no setor (p=0,035), a uma menor pontuação no índice de capacidade para o trabalho (p=0,001), maior freqüência de distúrbios emocionais menores (p=0,006), a um cansaço constante (p=0,001) e facilidade de se cansar (p<0,001), menor pontuação na capacidade funcional (p=0,021), na vitalidade (p=0,001), nos aspectos emocionais (p=0,010), e no domínio saúde mental (p=0,011). A lesão nos braços e nas mãos não foi associada à responsabilidade de limpar a casa (p=0,114) nem à responsabilidade de passar roupa (p=0,252). Foi encontrado um perfil de adoecimento diferente para cada grupo pesquisado, sendo que o grupo de trabalhadoras não expostas ao cianeto apresentou pior condição de saúde / Abstract: The objective of this transversal cut research was to check the health conditions of women working in the gold platted- and fashion jewel manufacture in Limeira, SP, Brazil. To do so, a profile of the subjects was designed taking into account the tasks performed by the workers, their exposure to cyanide and the self-referred complaints of health problems. A group of 191 labourers working in companies using galvanoplastic processes (exposed to cyanide) was compared with 192 workers placed in companies that manufacture and assemble manufactured parts (not exposed to cyanide). Socio-demographic, family and functional information, in addition of the Work Index Capacity, the Stress at Work Index, SRQ-20, SF-36, Audit, and the Fagerström Scale of Tolerance, were obtained by applying a questionnaire. Overall, 44.4% of the workers were single, 54.3% were between 20 and 29 years old, 49.9% are white, 62.9% completed high school, 55.4% have no children, 40.7% said declared having had injuries or illness, as confirmed by a physician, and the mean of the State of Health (SF36) was 66.9. The facts related to discrimination and favouritism in the working environment, as well as the low expectation of progress are the main psychosocial stressing factors for this population, so that 14.8% had a positive rating for common mental disorders (SRQ-20) involving frequent headaches. Related to the lifestyle, 93.7% had low risk of alcohol dependence (Audit), and 65.5% never smoked. In their work, 59% do not use EPI, 68.4% occupy the post of Jeweler Assistant, and among the workers involved with surface treatment 48.9% deal directly with cyanide. The comparison between both groups showed a statistically significant difference in the number of referred injuries and diseases as confirmed by medical evaluation. The group exposed to cyanide presented less injuries than the not exposed group (p=0.042). Thyroid disorders (p=0.022), chronic bronchitis (p=0.027), and chronic sinusitis (p=0.022) prevailed in the exposed group, whereas a prevalence of injuries in the arms and hands (p <0.001) was found in the not exposed group. Thyroid disturbances were associated with longer working times in the industry (p=0.035), lower scores of the work capacity index (p=0.001), increased frequency of minor psychiatric disorders (p=0.006), continuous fatigue (p=0.001) and ease of getting tired (p<0.001), lower functional capacity scores (p=0.021), vitality (p=0.001), emotional aspects (p=0.010), and in the mental health domain (p=0.011). Damage in arms and hands were not associated with domestic labour like house cleaning (p=0.114) or ironing (p=0.252). These issues should be accounted for in studies aiming to establish the specific characteristics of each occupation when determining the ailing process of these workers. The research found a profile of illness different for each group searched, and that the group of workers not exposed to cyanide showed worse health condition / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

The general concern of this thesis is with the position of women in the United States. Specifically, the focus is on women in the professions. The theoretical perspective is taken from Everett C. Hughes’ 1945 discussion of “Dilemmas and Contradictions of Status.” Hughes maintained that when an incumbent of a status holds an unexpected auxiliary characteristic he is in a dilemma because others do not know how to respond to the contradictory stimuli. Others’ responses tend to reflect unfavorably back on the individual’s self-image and he seeks to avoid reactions from others by adopting behavior to reduce the impact of the discrepant status. The professions in the United States are characterized by a basic body of abstract knowledge and the ideal of service. Thirteen occupations were established as professions, ranked on the basis of those characteristics and a boundary line was drawn between professions and non-professions. A selection of seven professions was made on which to test the hypotheses. These seven were: medicine, university teaching, dentistry, natural science, social science, with veterinary medicine and social work marking off the lower boundary. Women in these professions were considered to be in an inconsistent status because they hold the unexpected characteristic of a female in a male-dominated occupation and meet the other conditions of status inconsistency. Since the female professional can do nothing about changing her discrepant characteristic of being female, it is hypothesized that she adopts behavior which brings her status characteristics in accord and reduces the impact of her inconsistent status. This behavior may consist of avoidance, isolation and/or social segregation on the part of the female professional and her clients or colleagues. The modes of adaptation selected are the basis of the eight hypotheses of the study: 1) women enter the professions in smaller proportions than men, 2) women professionals do not participate fully in the colleague-group, 3) women enter positions isolated from the public, 4) women tend to be salaried rather that self-employed, 5) women tend to be in career lines apart from positions of power and prestige, tend to be in career lines apart from positions of power and prestige, 6) women fill the lower echelons of a profession, 7) women specialize in those areas relating to the normatively accepted women’s role, and 8) women tend to deal with patients of equal or lower status. The data on which the hypotheses were tested were obtained from many different published sources relating the seven professions. These sources consisted in the main of census tabulations, professional directories, sample surveys, National Education Association publications, and the National Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel. It was found that the data generally supported all the hypotheses with the exception of hypothesis number three which could not be tested. There seems to be a consistent pattern for the few women who do enter the professions to enter a limited number of them and to specialize in those areas which are consistent with the prescribed role of women in American society. Moreover, they tend to teach or enter research, work in educational institutions and be on salary. Women are not usually found in the top positions nor the most lucrative positions within a profession. Further, their career lines do not lead to the top positions and they tend to fill the lower echelons within each profession. It may be concluded that women professionals adopt this pattern throughout the professions, that their career pattern is very different than that of male professionals, and it is suggested that they adopt this pattern in order to reduce the impact of their inconsistent status set.

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This study used a questionnaire designed to identify personal characteristics that successful career women have in common across career fields. Information was elicited on self-esteem, achievement motivation, self-descriptive words, ethnicity, age, income level and occupational field, among other things. Subjects were women publicly recognized as successful by their peers. Twenty three of the sample (n = 249) were randomly selected for interviews. The questionnaire responses were analyzed to identify differences in self-esteem and achievement motivation between occupational fields, age, income levels, ordinal positions and other independent variables. Collectively, the results identified a high degree of self-esteem as the strongest characteristic shared by these successful career women. Additionally, self-esteem was affected by ordinal position of the subjects and related to the level of the women's perceived success and emotional compensation satisfaction. The career women defined the major components of success as: (1) achieving one's personal goals, (2) receiving recognition from others, (3) enjoying one's work, and (4) contributing to the community, to others, etc. The career women generally described themselves as responsible, competent, and hardworking. Non-traditional career women described themselves somewhat differently, as responsible, enthusiastic and confident. There was no statistical support for a relationship to achievement motivation. This finding, combined with the career women's definition of success, shows that items used in the questionnaire did not measure achievement motivation for this group. Several conclusions were drawn from the data analysis: (1) career women who have been publicly recognized by their peers have a high level of self-esteem; (2) women have a unique pattern of career development; (3) women focused more on "contributing to society/to others" than on "earning a high salary," and (4) women defined themselves as "hardworking" rather than "achievement oriented." Hypotheses made on the basis of previous research on career women and on Individual Psychology theory were generally supported. Future research on career women would be appropriate.