Zugl.: Salzburg, Univ., Diss., 2006

Zugl.: München, Univ., Diss., 2007/2008

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Sociology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-164). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ66397.

The issue of tensions between market access and environmental protection is relatively new focus in the domain of international trade. This article suggests solutions to this conflict within the WTO framework so that while pursuing the goals of free trade and promoting development of economy the objective of 'sustainable development' can be achieved at the same time. This article includes an introduction, the main body (three chapters) and conclusion. j The Introduction starts by describing the development of the regimes of market access and environmental protection; it goes on to analyze the causes of the tension between the two and finally emphasizes the importance of resolving this tension within the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework. Chapter One elaborates on the existing principles, regulations and exception in the WTO framework and states that these regulations cannot live up to expectations of the developed countries and environmentalists. The conclusion is that it is impractical for the developing countries to avoid this issue. Chapter Two starts with an inquiry into the crux of tensions between free trade and environmental protection. It goes on to enlist different proposals by academic scholars and compare these principles' application in European Community Treaty (EC) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), hoping to resolve the tensions between market access and environmental protection. Chapter Three summarizes academic proposals and experiences of EC and NAFTA and discusses possible practical resolutions within WTO including both short-term measures and long-term ones. This chapter concludes by suggesting possible courses of action for China that could allow it to sustain the 'green challenge.' The Conclusion discusses the objectivity and unavoidability of the tensions between the free trade and the environment protection and reinforces the importance of resolving the problem within the WTO framework as well as the necessity of amending related regulations and harmonizing environmental standards of the WTO members.

On the eve of the launch of the first round of multilateral negotiations within the framework of the new WTO system, the so-called Millennium Round---which may be officially opened by the Seattle Ministerial Conference on 30 November 1999---the review of the WTO dispute settlement system should deserve the attention of WTO Members as one of the most essential topics to be considered. / Within this context, this thesis raises the question whether the future developments of the WTO dispute settlement system could be influenced by the successful European model. / In an attempt to answer this question, this thesis first highlights the grounds on which the EC approach to the GATT dispute settlement system has changed so that the EC has finally become an active supporter for "judicialization" of the new system (Introductory Part). The impact of the new WTO dispute settlement system on the EC participation in its development is then analysed (Part I). Finally, the last part of this thesis focuses on the reasons of the EC success in order to conclude to its potential influence on the further developments of the WTO dispute settlement system (Part II).

<p>Government procurement is a very important aspect of international tradeas it can either promote or inhibit trade depending on laws and policies of a country. The study is confined to issues pertaining to the role of RTAs in establishing government procurement standards that resemble or conform to those of the GPA in developing countries. The study used Africa as a case study by evaluating selected RTAs that have been signed focussing on RTAs such as the procurementinitiativeof the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA) and US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement. The major objectives of the study were to examine the role of the existing international regulatory instruments towards the harmonisation of global standards on government procurement. The reserach aimed at analysing the role of the WTOs GPA as a possible global standard for government procurement and to investigate reasons of limited membership by developing countries.</p>

<p>The study is based on the views of different world authorities on the Kyoto protocol. The current legal status regarding the different opinions and arguments are also considered. This study is limited to defining what allocation of allowances, units and credits as created by the Kyoto protocol can be defined as goods, products, services or subsidies under WTO body of rules .</p>

<p>This paper addresses the issue of the primary Prototype Carbon Fund objectives , which are High-Quality Emmissions reductions / knowledge dissermination / Public-private parterships. The researcher further invesigates whether, eight years after its creation, the Prototype Carbon Fund is a success.</p>

<p>The study is based on the views of different world authorities on the Kyoto protocol. The current legal status regarding the different opinions and arguments are also considered. This study is limited to defining what allocation of allowances, units and credits as created by the Kyoto protocol can be defined as goods, products, services or subsidies under WTO body of rules .</p>

<p>This paper addresses the issue of the primary Prototype Carbon Fund objectives , which are High-Quality Emmissions reductions / knowledge dissermination / Public-private parterships. The researcher further invesigates whether, eight years after its creation, the Prototype Carbon Fund is a success.</p>