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Xylooligosaccharide Production From Cotton And Sunflower StalksAk, Ozlem 01 January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, the aim was enzymatic xylooligosaccharide production from cotton and sunflower stalks, two of main agricultural residues in Turkey. In first two parts of the study, alkali extracted xylan from both of the stalks was hydrolyzed by commercial xylanases Veron and Shearzyme. The effect of temperature, pH, enzyme and substrate concentrations were investigated to determine optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of xylan. Sunflower and cotton stalk xylans were hydrolyzed by Shearzyme more efficiently than Veron under the conditions studied. Shearzyme produced different product profiles containing xylobiose (X2), xylotriose (X3), xylotetrose (X4) and xylopentose (X5) from cotton and sunflower stalk xylan. On the other hand, Veron hydrolyzed both xylan types to
produce X2, X3, X5, X6 and larger xylooligosaccharides without any change in product profiles.
In the third part of the study, home produced xylanase from Bacillus pumilus SB-M13, was also investigated for the production of xylooligosaccharides from both cotton and sunflower stalk xylan. The main products obtained by hydrolysis of both substrates by pure B. pumilus xylanase were X5 and X6, while crude B. pumilus xylanase generated X4 and X5 as the main products.
Xylooligosaccharide production from pretreated cotton stalk without alkali extraction of xylan was the final part of the study. Three different pretreatment methods including biomass pretreatment by Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation, cellulase pretreatment and hydrothermal pretreatment were investigated to break down complex lignocellulosic structure of cotton stalk to improve the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan in pretreated cotton stalk for xylooligosaccharide production. However, xylooligosaccharide was not effectively produced from pretreated cotton stalk. Shearzyme inhibiton was observed after all the pretreatment methods during further hydrolysis of pretreated cotton stalk probably due to production of inhibitory compounds of the enzyme.
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Expressão heteróloga e caracterização bioquímica de uma xilooligossacarídeo oxidase de Thielavia terrestris pertencente à família AA7 / Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a xylooligosaccharide oxidase from Thielavia terrestris belonging to AA7 familyLima, Awana da Silva 30 July 2018 (has links)
A biomassa vegetal pode ser uma importante fonte de obtenção de diversos produtos a partir da desestruturação de suas frações por um vasto grupo de enzimas. No entanto, a geração de compostos de alto valor agregado a partir da biomassa lignocelulósica requer o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas enzimáticos. Pensando nisso, a prospecção e a caracterização de novas enzimas que estão presentes no secretoma de fungos degradadores da biomassa lignocelulósica tem sido fonte de pesquisa por pesquisadores do mundo todo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi prospectar, clonar e expressar de maneira heteróloga o gene codificante de uma enzima putativa do fungo termofílico T. terrestris em cepas do fungo filamentoso A. nidulans A773 e promover sua caracterização bioquímica e biofísica. O gene da enzima foi amplificado, clonado e inserido no vetor pEXPYR antes de ser inserido no sistema de expressão do A. nidulans. Os transformantes obtidos foram induzidos em meio mínimo de cultivo contendo 3% (m/v) de maltose e 1% (m/v) de glicose em meio estacionário para a produção, seguido da purificação da enzima. Estudos bioquímicos foram realizados para determinar o pH e a temperatura ótima de reação, bem como, a especificidade aos substratos e a determinação dos parâmetros cinéticos. A termoestabilidade da enzima também foi avaliada por estudo de dicroísmo circular (DC). Além disso, foi avaliado o efeito colaborativo entre uma xilanase GH10 e a enzima em estudo na hidrólise do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pré-tratado. A enzima obtida por expressão heteróloga foi caracterizada como uma xilo-oligossacarídeo oxidase (XylO). Por meio da análise filogenética das sequências de aminoácidos entre a enzima expressa e outras enzimas oxidativas, a XylO foi classificada como pertencente a família das flavoproteínas e subfamília das BBE. A enzima TtXylO demonstrou ter especificidade em oligossacarídeos de C5 apresentando boa atividade enzimática em substratos complexos de xilana. A enzima possui pH ótimo de 5,5 e temperatura ótima de 25 ºC. As análises de DC indicaram temperatura de desnaturação de 62,7 ºC, caracterizando esta enzima como termofílica. Contudo, novos estudos ainda são necessários para avaliar os produtos gerados a partir da oxidação dos diferentes xilo-oligossacarídeos pela XylO e seu potencial uso na indústria. / Plant biomass is an important source for generation of several products obtained from enzymatic cleavage of its fractions by a large group of enzymes. However, the generation of high value compounds from lignocellulosic biomass requires the development of new enzymatic systems. Considering that, prospection and characterization of enzymes present in the biomass-degrading fungi secretome has been a source of study by researchers around the world. The aim of this work was to prospect, clone and heterologously express a putative enzyme encoding gene from the thermophilic fungus T. terrestris in A. nidulans A773 strains and to promote its biochemical and biophysical characterization. The gene was amplified, cloned and inserted into the pEXPYR vector before being inserted into A. nidulans expression system. The transformants were induced by culture in minimal médium containing 3% (w/v) maltose and 1% (w/v) glucose by stationary culture for the production, followed by enzyme purification. Biochemical analyses were performed to determine optimum pH and temperature as well as the substrate specificities and kinetic parameters. The enzyme thermostability was also evaluated by circular dichroism (CD). In addition, the collaborative effect between the enzyme and a GH10 on hydrolys of pre-treated sugarcane bagasse was evaluated. The enzyme obtained by heterologous expression was characterized as a xylooligosaccharide oxidase (XylO). Phylogenetic analysis between amino acid sequences of expressed enzyme and other oxidative enzymes classified XylO as belonging to flavoproteins family and subfamily of BBE. TtXylO has been shown to have specificity on C5 oligosaccharides exhibiting good enzymatic activity on complex xylan substrates. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 5.5 and optimum temperature of 25 ºC. DC analyses showed melting temperature of 62.7 ºC, characterizing this enzyme as thermophilic. In general, further studies are still needed to evaluate the products generated from oxidation of xylooligosaccharides by XylO and their potential use in the industry.
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Expressão heteróloga e caracterização bioquímica de uma xilooligossacarídeo oxidase de Thielavia terrestris pertencente à família AA7 / Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a xylooligosaccharide oxidase from Thielavia terrestris belonging to AA7 familyAwana da Silva Lima 30 July 2018 (has links)
A biomassa vegetal pode ser uma importante fonte de obtenção de diversos produtos a partir da desestruturação de suas frações por um vasto grupo de enzimas. No entanto, a geração de compostos de alto valor agregado a partir da biomassa lignocelulósica requer o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas enzimáticos. Pensando nisso, a prospecção e a caracterização de novas enzimas que estão presentes no secretoma de fungos degradadores da biomassa lignocelulósica tem sido fonte de pesquisa por pesquisadores do mundo todo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi prospectar, clonar e expressar de maneira heteróloga o gene codificante de uma enzima putativa do fungo termofílico T. terrestris em cepas do fungo filamentoso A. nidulans A773 e promover sua caracterização bioquímica e biofísica. O gene da enzima foi amplificado, clonado e inserido no vetor pEXPYR antes de ser inserido no sistema de expressão do A. nidulans. Os transformantes obtidos foram induzidos em meio mínimo de cultivo contendo 3% (m/v) de maltose e 1% (m/v) de glicose em meio estacionário para a produção, seguido da purificação da enzima. Estudos bioquímicos foram realizados para determinar o pH e a temperatura ótima de reação, bem como, a especificidade aos substratos e a determinação dos parâmetros cinéticos. A termoestabilidade da enzima também foi avaliada por estudo de dicroísmo circular (DC). Além disso, foi avaliado o efeito colaborativo entre uma xilanase GH10 e a enzima em estudo na hidrólise do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pré-tratado. A enzima obtida por expressão heteróloga foi caracterizada como uma xilo-oligossacarídeo oxidase (XylO). Por meio da análise filogenética das sequências de aminoácidos entre a enzima expressa e outras enzimas oxidativas, a XylO foi classificada como pertencente a família das flavoproteínas e subfamília das BBE. A enzima TtXylO demonstrou ter especificidade em oligossacarídeos de C5 apresentando boa atividade enzimática em substratos complexos de xilana. A enzima possui pH ótimo de 5,5 e temperatura ótima de 25 ºC. As análises de DC indicaram temperatura de desnaturação de 62,7 ºC, caracterizando esta enzima como termofílica. Contudo, novos estudos ainda são necessários para avaliar os produtos gerados a partir da oxidação dos diferentes xilo-oligossacarídeos pela XylO e seu potencial uso na indústria. / Plant biomass is an important source for generation of several products obtained from enzymatic cleavage of its fractions by a large group of enzymes. However, the generation of high value compounds from lignocellulosic biomass requires the development of new enzymatic systems. Considering that, prospection and characterization of enzymes present in the biomass-degrading fungi secretome has been a source of study by researchers around the world. The aim of this work was to prospect, clone and heterologously express a putative enzyme encoding gene from the thermophilic fungus T. terrestris in A. nidulans A773 strains and to promote its biochemical and biophysical characterization. The gene was amplified, cloned and inserted into the pEXPYR vector before being inserted into A. nidulans expression system. The transformants were induced by culture in minimal médium containing 3% (w/v) maltose and 1% (w/v) glucose by stationary culture for the production, followed by enzyme purification. Biochemical analyses were performed to determine optimum pH and temperature as well as the substrate specificities and kinetic parameters. The enzyme thermostability was also evaluated by circular dichroism (CD). In addition, the collaborative effect between the enzyme and a GH10 on hydrolys of pre-treated sugarcane bagasse was evaluated. The enzyme obtained by heterologous expression was characterized as a xylooligosaccharide oxidase (XylO). Phylogenetic analysis between amino acid sequences of expressed enzyme and other oxidative enzymes classified XylO as belonging to flavoproteins family and subfamily of BBE. TtXylO has been shown to have specificity on C5 oligosaccharides exhibiting good enzymatic activity on complex xylan substrates. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 5.5 and optimum temperature of 25 ºC. DC analyses showed melting temperature of 62.7 ºC, characterizing this enzyme as thermophilic. In general, further studies are still needed to evaluate the products generated from oxidation of xylooligosaccharides by XylO and their potential use in the industry.
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