In this thesis, design and realization of a system which enables precise positioning of RFID tags in both azimuth and elevation angles is explained. The positioning is based on measuring the phase difference between four Yagi antennas placed in two arrays. One array is placed in the azimuth plane and the other array is perpendicular to the first array in the elevation plane. The phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the azimuth array is used to find the position of RFID tag in the horizontal direction. For the position in the vertical direction, the phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the elevation plane is used. After that the position of tag in horizontal and vertical directions is used to control the mouse cursor in the horizontal and vertical directions on the computer screen. In this way by attaching one RFID tag to a plastic rod, a wireless pen is implemented which enables drawing in the air by using a program like Paint in Windows. Simulated results show that the resolution of the tag positioning in the system is in the order of 3mm in a distance equal to 0.5 meter in front of the array with few number of averaging over the received phase data. Using the system in practice reveals that it is easily possible to write and draw with this RFID pen. In addition it is argued how the system is totally immune to any counterfeit attempt for faked drawings by randomly changing the transmitting antenna in the array. This will make the system a novel option for human identity verification. / QC 20100920

This thesis presents various integrated antenna solutions for different types of systems and applications, e.g. wireless sensors, broadband handsets, advanced base stations, MEMS-based reconfigurable front-ends, automotive anti-collision radars, and large area electronics. For wireless sensor applications, a T-matched dipole is proposed and integrated in an electrically small body-worn sensor node. Measurement techniques are developed to characterize the port impedance and radiation properties. Possibilities and limitations of the planar inverted cone antenna (PICA) for small handsets are studied experimentally. Printed slot-type and folded PICAs are demonstrated for UWB handheld terminals. Both monolithic and hybrid integration are applied for electrically steerable array antennas. Compact phase shifters within a traveling wave array antenna architecture, on single layer substrate, is investigated for the first time. Radio frequency MEMS switches are utilized to improve the performance of reconfigurable antennas at higher frequencies. Using monolithic integration, a 20 GHz switched beam antenna based on MEMS switches is implemented and evaluated. Compared to similar work published previously, complete experimental results are here for the first time reported. Moreover, a hybrid approach is used for a 24 GHz switched beam traveling wave array antenna. A MEMS router is fabricated on silicon substrate for switching two array antennas on a LTCC chip. A concept of nano-wire based substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) is proposed for millimeter-wave applications. Antenna prototypes based on this concept are successfully demonstrated for automotive radar applications. W-band body-worn nonlinear harmonic radar reflectors are proposed as a means to improve automotive radar functionality. Passive, semi-passive and active nonlinear reflectors consisting of array antennas and nonlinear circuitry on flex foils are investigated. A new stretchable RF electronics concept for large area electronics is demonstrated. It incorporates liquid metal into microstructured elastic channels. The prototypes exhibit high stretchability, foldability, and twistability, with maintained electrical properties. / wisenet

Control theory of complex systems by utilization of artificial intelligent algorithms is relatively new science field and it can be used in many areas of technical practise. Best known algorithms to solved similar tasks are genetic algorithm, differential evolution, HC12 Nelder-Mead method, fuzzy logic and grammatical evolution. Complex solution is presented at selected examples from mathematical nonlinear systems to examples of anthems design and stabilization of deterministic chaos. The goal of this thesis is present examples of implementation and utilization of artificial algorithms by multi-objective optimization. To achieve optimal results is used designed software solution by multi-platform application, which used Matlab and Java interfaces. The software solution integrate every algorithms of this thesis to complex solution and it extends possible application of those approaches to real systems and practical world.

Control theory of complex systems by utilization of artificial intelligent algorithms is relatively new science field and it can be used in many areas of technical practise. Best known algorithms to solved similar tasks are genetic algorithm, differential evolution, HC12 Nelder-Mead method, fuzzy logic and grammatical evolution. Complex solution is presented at selected examples from mathematical nonlinear systems to examples of anthems design and stabilization of deterministic chaos. The goal of this thesis is present examples of implementation and utilization of artificial algorithms by multi-objective optimization. To achieve optimal results is used designed software solution by multi-platform application, which used Matlab and Java interfaces. The software solution integrate every algorithms of this thesis to complex solution and it extends possible application of those approaches to real systems and practical world.