Title: Effectiveness of education for youth football teams in the Czech Republic. Objectives: To determine the participation of clubs and regions that are most involved in the education of youth representation players in the categories U16, U17, U18, U19, U20 and U21 which was born in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Methods: Mixed research Results: Our survey results confirmed a crucial role in the football training of future youth representatives in clubs with professional status (2095 years; 64%) compared to amateur clubs (1210 years; 36%). The largest part of the time period of sports training until the status of a youth representative was achieved was provided by the Prague city with 861 years (27%). The Karlovarský (47 years; 1%), Liberecký and Vysočina (28 years; 1%) regions present a very low efficiency of education in youth representations in the Czech Republic. 219 regions (65%) were raised in one region and more regions participated in 117 players (35%). AC Sparta Praha (487 years with registration with 73 players) and SK Slavia Praha (382 years with registration with 62 players) participate the most in the education of players in youth teams. The first registration in the FACR registration system is dominant for clubs with amateur status (257 players; 76%) compared to clubs...

Do young people actually consider youth to be important in politics? Young people are underrepresented in political assemblies and age in politics is often regarded as irrelevant. However, recent studies suggest young people might have an affinity towards young politicians, using age as a cue to help guide them politically. Research on gender affinities moreover suggest that people who lack strong political convictions are more susceptible to affinity effects as they lack a political cue. Taken together, the results are not undisputed and show little in regards to how effects can be present in party-centered political systems. As such, this study aims at investigating the possibility of affinity effects being present in evaluations of the trait of being young for politicians in Sweden. Through regression analysis and interaction models, I find that young people consider youth to be more important for politicians than the rest of the population. Additionally, the effects grow larger for young people who lack strong political convictions. Together, it demonstrates that age affinity effects can be present in party-centered systems. More research is nevertheless needed to accurately map the effects in contexts with little candidate focus and how or if it can influence actual political behavior.