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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hur kan olika individers upplevda hälsa och fysiska krav i arbetet se ut inom skilda yrkesområden på Stockholms Stadsmission? : En kvantitativ studie / How do different individuals experience health and physical working conditions in different professional areas within Stockholms Stadsmission? : A quantitative study

Lundblad, Perita, Stassos, Joanna January 2006 (has links)
<p>Syfte och frågeställningar: Den här uppsatsens syfte var att ta reda på personalens upplevda hälsa och fysisk arbetskapacitet, fysiska krav i arbetet, samt motionsvanor inom Stockholms Stadsmission. Frågeställningarna var: Hur kan olika individers upplevda hälsa och fysiska krav i arbetet se ut inom skilda yrkesområden på ett och samma företag? Kan den fysiska arbetskapaciteten inom olika yrkesområden påverkas av motionsvanor? Kan rökning vara en faktor som påverkar upplevd hälsa och motionsvanor?</p><p>Metod: Datainsamlingen bestod av enkätundersökning, stegmätning samt steptest för beräkning av syreupptagningsförmågan. Undersökningen omfattade 48 personer från tre arbetsområden: administration, butik och restaurang. De utgjordes av 31 kvinnor och 17 män i åldrarna 19 till 63 år med en medelålder på 38 ± 14 år. På stegmätningen blev det ett bortfall på fem personer, och på steptestet ett totalt bortfall på 11 personer.</p><p>Resultat: Flertalet av deltagarna uppgav att de upplevde ett högt mått av glädje/lycka, kontroll/inflytande och meningsfullhet i sitt arbete. Upplevd hälsa skattades som ganska tillfredsställande eller högre. Upplevd fysik och hur den uppfyller kraven i arbetet skattades relativt högt och jämnt fördelat inom samtliga arbetsområden. Inom administration var arbetet mest stillasittande. Arbetet inom butik och restaurang var mer rörligt vilket bekräftades av resultaten från stegmätningen, och innebar även mer lyft. En arbetsställning där nacke/rygg var framåtböjd/sned el vriden var vanlig inom samtliga områden. Sju personer uppgav att de hade besvär i rygg/höfter och 12 personer att de hade besvär i nacke/axlar dagligen. Totalt svarade 12 personer att de rökte, varav åtta arbetade inom butik. Medelvärden på syreupptagningsförmågan från 37 genomförda steptest blev 39 ± 5 ml/kg/min, för butik 40 ± 5 ml/kg/min och för restaurang 42 ± 6 ml/kg/min.</p><p>Slutsats: Upplevd hälsa och fysik skattades relativt lika inom de tre arbetsområdena, trots stora skillnader i arbetsförhållanden. Den existerande besvärsförekomsten kunde inte kopplas specifikt till något arbetsområde. Det kan dock finnas en risk för framtida uppkomst och ökade besvär framför allt i nacke/axlar och rygg/höfter inom butik och restaurang. Trots att stegmätningen visade att butik och restaurang går nästan dubbelt så mycket på arbetet som administration, verkar inte syreupptagningsförmågan påverkas nämnvärt av att ha ett mer rörligt arbete. Det krävs sannolikt regelbunden fysisk aktivitet av högre ansträngningsgrad för att få positiva effekter på konditionen. Denna studies submaximala konditionstest ger inte en tillförlitlig uppfattning om studiedeltagarnas konditionsstatus, då de var få till antalet. Denna undersökning kunde se ett tydligt samband mellan rökning och lågt utövande av fysisk aktivitet.</p> / <p>Aim and questions: The aim of this survey was to study how the employees experienced their health, their work capacity, frequencies of injuries as well as exercise habits. The questions in the research were: How do different individuals experience health and working conditions in different professional areas within the same company? Could factors like exercise habits affect the physical work capacity within different professional areas?</p><p>Could smoking be a factor influencing how we experience health and exercise habits?</p><p>Method: The collection of data was performed by questionnaires, pedometer measuring and a step test for calculation of oxygen consumption. The survey included 48 persons from three different areas of work: administration, shop and restaurant. The group consisted of 31 women and 17 men between the ages of 19 to 63 years; the average age was 38 ± 14 years. In the pedometer testing there was a loss of five persons and in the step test there was a total loss of 11 persons.</p><p>Results: The participants declared that they experienced an important amount of joy/happiness, control/influence, and meaningfulness in their work. They valued their experienced health as fairly satisfactory or greater. Experienced physical performance and meeting the job requirements were relatively high estimated within all three areas of work. Within the administrative department the job was mostly sedentary. Test persons in the shop and the restaurant were more active which was confirmed by the pedometer testing and their work involved more lifting of things. The body bent forward or the back/neck twisted or flexed during work positions was occurring in all the studied areas. Seven persons described symptoms from back/hips and 12 persons described symptoms from neck/shoulders on a daily basis. On a total 12 persons said they were smokers, out of those, eight persons worked in the shop. The average test result of oxygen consumption during 37 step tests performed was 40 ± 6 ml/kg/min for women and 40 ± 5 ml/kg/min for men.</p><p>Conclusion: Within the three areas of work the test persons experienced a rather similar degree of health and physical capacity in spite of large differences in work conditions.</p><p>The prevalence of symptoms could not specifically be connected to any area of work.</p><p>Nevertheless there is a risk that the test persons working in the shop and the restaurant will show symptoms in the future predominantly from neck/ shoulders and back/hips.</p><p>Notwithstanding the fact that the pedometer measuring showed that people working in the shop and the restaurant walk almost twice as much as those within administration, the oxygen consumption is barely affected by a more active work situation. There is a probability that it requires a regular and higher level of physical activity in order to receive positive effects on a person's fitness status. The submaximal fitness test in this study does not provide a reliable conception of fitness status of the tested persons since they were too few. This study showed an obvious connection between smoking and low physical activity</p>
2

Postal work - work organizational changes as tools to improve health /

Wahlstedt, Kurt, January 1900 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
3

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in risk assessment : development of Bayesian population methods /

Jonsson, Fredrik, January 1900 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
4

Induction of a non-allergic inflammation in the human respiratory tract by organic dust /

Larsson, Britt-Marie, January 2001 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
5

Hälsobokslutets funktion : En analys av 25 företags sjukfrånvaroredovisning / The function of the health statement : An analysis of the reporting of sickness absence in 25 companies

Jensen, Maria January 2006 (has links)
<p>Syfte:</p><p>Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka om införandet av hälsobokslut fått några effekter på sjukfrånvaron. Frågeställningar: Hur redovisas sjukfrånvaron av företagen? Kommenteras vald redovisning av företagen och i så fall hur? Hur har sjukfrånvaron förändrats sedan införandet av obligatorisk redovisning av sjukfrånvaro?</p><p>Metod:</p><p>För att undersöka detta har årsredovisningar från 25 privata företag analyserats. Årsredovisningarna från 2003 har jämförts med motsvarande årsredovisningarna för 2004. Företagen kommer från fem av de största branscherna i Stockholms län. Företagen har 50-249 anställda vilket motsvarar medelstora företag i Stockholm. Urvalet har gjorts efter näringsgrenar och efter det som ett slumpmässigt urval i form av lottning. De sammanställningar som gjorts är den totala sjukfrånvarons förändring samt förändringen av sjukfrånvaron inom respektive undergrupp. Detta har gjorts både branschvis samt totalt. En sammanställning har även gjorts av den totala långtidssjukfrånvarons förändring för alla företag, både branschvis samt totalt.</p><p>Resultat:</p><p>Sjukfrånvaron redovisas av alla företag och i stort i enlighet med lagen. Beträffande långtidssjukfrånvaron har 7 av 25 företag förmodligen redovisat den totala långtidssjukfrånvaron som procentenheter av den totala sjukfrånvaron i stället för som procent av den totala sjukfrånvaron. Sjukfrånvaron visar en tendens till att sjunkit eller stått stilla i alla de redovisade kategorierna. Inget av företagen har kommenterat sjukfrånvaron i årsredovisningen utöver de kommentarer som beskriver siffrorna. 9 av de 25 företagen har valt att inte redovisa någonting för vissa grupper. Två av dessa företag har valt att kommentera detta.</p><p>Slutsats:</p><p>Hälsobokslutet har än så länge inte gett några större effekter på sjukfrånvaron. Den visar dock ingen tendens till att ha ökat vilket får ses som positivt. Då inget av företagen har kommenterat någonting utöver vad lagen säger antas att hälsobokslutet mottagits endast som ett extra tillägg i årsredovisningen. Då det finns en del osäkerhet kring hur rapporteringen ska gå till borde lagen förtydligas för att uppnå syftet med hälsobokslutet. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att hälsobokslutet är en bra tanke som än så länge endast får företagen att bli medvetna om sin sjukfrånvarosituation. För externa intressenter säger inte siffrorna mycket än.</p> / <p>Aim:</p><p>The aim of this graduate essay is to study if the health statement has brought any consequences to the sickness absence. Questions: How do the companies report the sickness absence? Do the companies comment on their chosen reporting and if so, how? How has the sickness absence changed since the introduction of obligatory reporting of sickness absence?</p><p>Method:</p><p>To study this, annual reports from 25 private companies have been analysed. The annual reports from 2003 have been compared with the corresponding annual reports of 2004. The companies come from five of the largest line of businesses in the Stockholm region. The companies have 50-249 employees which correspond to medium sized companies in Stockholm. The selection has been done from branches of industry and after that as a random pick in terms of drawing lots. The compilation that has been made is the total change of the sickness absence and the change of sickness absence in respective subgroup. This has been made both in branches of industry and totally. There has also been a compilation of the change of the total long-term sickness absence for all the companies, both in branches of industry and totally.</p><p>Results:</p><p>The sickness absence is reported by all the companies and on average in accordance with the law. Concerning the long-term sickness absence, 7 of the 25 companies probably have reported the total long-term sickness absence as per cent units of the total sickness absence instead of per cent of the total sickness absence. The sickness absence shows a tendency to have decreased or been unchanged in all the reported categories. None of the companies have commented the sickness absence in the annual report besides the comments that describes the numbers. 9 of the 25 companies have chosen not to report anything concerning some of the categories. Two of these companies have chosen to comment this.</p><p>Conclusions:</p><p>The health statement does not seem to have given any larger effects on the sickness absence. Nevertheless it shows no tendency to have increased which will have to been seen as positive. Since none of the companies has commented anything besides what the law says, one can assume that the health statement only has been received as an extra addition in the annual report. Since there is some uncertainty how the reporting should be done, the law should be clarified so that the aim with the health statement is achieved. To sum up, the health statement is a good thought that yet only get the companies aware of their sickness absence situation. For external interests the numbers still do not say much.</p>
6

Leva för att arbeta eller arbeta för att må bra! : en jämförelse av hälsorelaterad livskvalitet mellan två olika yrkesroller

Forsman, Jennifer, Salo, Sandra January 2010 (has links)
<p>Syfte och frågeställning</p><p>Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i upplevd hälsorelaterad livskvalitet, antalet sjukdagar samt fysisk aktivitet på fritiden mellan två olika yrkesroller med olika fysiska aktivitetsnivåer. Våra frågeställningar inför denna studie löd:</p><p>-          Hur skiljer sig den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten mellan individer med ett fysisk aktivt arbete och individer med ett fysiskt inaktivt arbete?</p><p>-          Hur skiljer sig antalet sjukdagar år 2009 mellan individer med ett fysiskt aktivt arbete och individer med ett fysiskt inaktivt arbete?</p><p>-          Hur skiljer sig mängden fysisk aktivitet på fritiden mellan individer med ett fysiskt aktivt arbete och individer med ett fysiskt inaktivt arbete?</p><p> </p><p>Metod</p><p>Vi använde oss av enkätundersökning för att besvara våra frågeställningar. Denna bestod SF-12 som är en sedan tidigare beprövad och validerad enkät och ett egenkomponerat frågeformulär med kompletterande bakgrundsfrågor. Materialet delades ut till 92 respondenter och besvarades av 79 av dessa, bortfallet blev 14 procent. Enkäterna hanterades anonymt, sammanställdes i Excel och bearbetades i SPSS. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt valdes KASAM.</p><p> </p><p>Resultat</p><p>De viktigaste resultaten visar inte något signifikant resultat men en indikation på att det finns ett samband mellan den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten och yrkesroll, i detta fall en högre hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos de med administrativ tjänst. En skillnad mellan yrkesrollerna sågs även när det gäller antalet sjukdagar under år 2009. Majoriteten av respondenterna med administrativ tjänst hade 0 sjukdagar jämfört med 1-7 dagar hos orderexpeditörerna.</p><p> </p><p>Slutsats</p><p>Undersökningen visade att det inte förekom några signifikanta skillnader mellan de två yrkesrollerna som vi valde att grunda vår studie på. Vi trodde att skillnaderna i den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten, antalet sjukdagar samt mängden fysisk aktivitet på fritiden skulle vara större än vad de visade sig att vara. Vad skillnaderna kan bero på är svårt att säga då det förekommer många olika faktorer som kan påverka individerna.</p>
7

Upper Airway Mucosal Inflammation : Proteomic Studies after Exposure to Irritants and Microbial Agents

Fornander, Louise January 2015 (has links)
People are, in their daily lives, exposed to a number of airborne foreign compounds that do not normally affect the body. However, depending on the nature of these compounds, dose and duration of exposure, various airway symptoms may arise. Early symptoms are often manifested as upper airway mucosal inflammation which generates changes in protein composition in the airway lining fluid. This thesis aims at identifying, understanding mechanisms and characterizing protein alterations in the upper airway mucosa that can be used as potential new biomarkers for inflammation in the mucosa. The protein composition in the mucosa was studied by sampling of nasal lavage fluid that was further analyzed with a proteomic approach using twodimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Additionally, by studying factors on site through environmental examination, health questionnaires and biological analyses, we have tried to understand the background to these protein alterations and their impact on health. Respiratory symptoms from the upper airways are common among people who are exposed to irritative and microbial agents. This thesis have focused on personnel in swimming pool facilities exposed to trichloramine, metal industry workers exposed to metalworking fluids, employees working in damp and moldy buildings and infants diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus infection. The common denominator in these four studies is that the subjects experience upper airway mucosal inflammation, which is manifested as cough, rhinitis, phlegm etc. In the three occupational studies, the symptoms were work related. Notably, a high prevalence of perceived mucosal symptoms was shown despite the relatively low levels of airborne irritants revealed by the environmental examination. Protein profiling verified an ongoing inflammatory response by identification of several proteins that displayed altered levels. Interestingly, innate immune proteins dominated and four protein alterations occurred in most of the studies; SPLUNC1, protein S100A8 and S100A9 and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Similarly, these proteins were also found in nasal fluid from children with virus infection and in addition a truncated form of SPLUNC1 and two other S100 proteins (S100A7-like 2 and S100A16), not previously found in nasal secretion, were identified. Altogether, the results indicate the potential use of a proteomic approach for identifying new biomarkers for the upper respiratory tract at an early stage in the disease process after exposure to irritant and microbial agents. The results indicate an effect on the innate immunity system and the proteins; SPLUNC1, protein S100A8 and S100A9 and alpha-1-antitrypsin are especially promising new biomarkers. Moreover, further studies of these proteins may help us to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in irritant-induced airway inflammation.
8

Methodological aspects of unspecific building related symptoms research

Glas, Bo January 2010 (has links)
This thesis deals with methological issues in the study of chemical exposure and sick building syndrome (SBS). SBS is a combination of general, mucosal and skin symptoms that some people experience when staying in specific buildings. The aim was to find chemical patterns associated with SBS, but also to address methological problems in such study. The plan was to conduct a case-control study comparing the two groups’ chemical exposure, where cases were defined as those having at least one general, one mucosal and one skin symptom each week the last three months. For the planning it was necessary to know if cases and controls could be selected from the same building. If everyone in a building have the same chemical exposure it is no use to compare exposure between two persons at the same workplace. In the first paper exposure to more than 100 compounds is compared between 79 participants working in eight buildings. It was found that for the majority of compounds the variation in exposure was larger within buildings than between buildings, which means that cases and controls could be allowed to work in the same building. The second paper is a comparison of three adsorbents usability in finding differences in chemical exposure between SBS cases and controls. This was done by using chemometrical methods but comparisons of sampled amounts, blank values and reproducibility were also done. Tenax TA was found to be the best adsorbent, hence used in the case-control study. In recent years ozone and ozone reaction products with unsaturated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been in focus. Nitrogen dioxide is another gas affecting oxidation of reactive VOCs. Formaldehyde is an irritant formed when unsaturated VOCs are oxidised, and in some studies a relation with SBS has been found. In paper three the relation between personal exposure to formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, terpenes and SBS has been investigated among more than 200 office workers in a case control study in Umeå and Vasa. Cases (based on symptoms during the week of measurements) had lower ozone exposure than controls. No further associations were found at present exposure levels. A planed analysis of relations to VOCs could not be done due to analytical problems, and problems due to difficulties with consistent identification of compounds in a very large data set. These problems are further discussed in the thesis. In the case-control, study participants answered questionnaires about symptoms during "the past three months", "right now" (when answering the questionnaire), and during the week of exposure measurements. In the fourth paper the stability of symptoms were compared by answers at different occasions. It was found that the case/control concept was as stable as individual symptoms. More participants with atopic disease and those 41 years old or younger changed class compared with those without atopic disease and older participants. Measurement activities appeared to make participants report more symptoms. Fatigue, dry eyes and dry skin are suggested to be symptoms with strongest, and illness/dizziness to be weakest association with IAQ. / KLUCK-projektet
9

Hand-arm vibration and working women : consequences and affecting factors /

Bylund, Sonya H, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
10

Cardiovascular disease among professional drivers and subway staff in Stockholm /

Bigert, Carolina, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

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