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The thesis on „Utilization of potassium polyaspartate to ensure wines crystal stability“ is divided in two section, as theoretical so practical part. Theoretic part examined general colloid definition and division of disperse systems. This part further described various kind of turbidities in connection to the wine itself. It comprising detailed turbidity description together with methods and prevention option through the most commonly used stabilizers (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose, metatartaric acid, gum arabic etc.). Experimental, is theoretical parts dealt with the experiment execution itself. The experiment focused on already known and in practice used preparations and their comparison with new potassium polyaspartate-based preparation. Stabilisers were added in different concentration, variants and combinations in non-stable wine. The wines were immediately botteled in with proper preparations and stored in two variants (cellar and indoor temperature). The parameters such as wine color variation and crystal turbidity formation were examined throughout the entire storage period for each option separately. From each variant were eastablished three equal bottles in order to verify potential opening and time-dependent differeneces of already used preparations. The wines were subjected various methods of evaluation (visual check, gravimetry, evaluation at Alpha machine, pH, turbidity) and the results were statistically evaluated and processed. In the end was the follow-up reseach recommended with the same subject of focus.

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This thesis uses the results of analysis of data recorded at a solar monitoring station in West Texas and the knowledge from an existing solar radiation estimation model to develop a methodology to predict the energy output from a panel at a site using only partial radiation data - global horizontal radiation measurements. The prediction using partial data is validated against estimates acquired using the complete radiation data and constraints are defined for accurate prediction. The methodology presented in this thesis can be used to accurately predict the solar power/energy incident on a collector at any location possessing global horizontal radiation measurements. / text

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is roughly 40% in the world and is increasing every year. Populations 65 years and older show a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, because the aging process decreases the capacity of the skin to produce vitamin D. Some studies have reported that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in the winter, however the effect of seasonal change on serum vitamin D level remains controversial in some specific populations. Moreover, this association remains uncertain in the elderly population because there is no study that specifically targets individuals over the age of 65. This study investigated the effect of seasonal changes and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D among individuals 65 years and older residing in the Boston, Massachusetts and Stockholm, Sweden. METHODS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort designs were both adapted to examine an existing data from VIVE2 parent study; the data was collected from 2012 to 2014. Data from the subjects who had finished this 6-month trial were analyzed for this study. Serum 25(OH)D levels, BMI, sex, study sites and age were collected and analyzed by univariate regression analysis and t-test. Serum 25(OH)D and confounders were included in multivariate analysis. Study sites were analyzed by effect modification model. RESULTS: In total, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D levels less than 20 ng/ml) was 70%, while the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 20 ng/ml in summer and 16.4 ng/ml in winter. The average of seasonal serum 25(OH)D level changes were 6 ng/ml and 3 ng/ml in Stockholm, Sweden and Boston, MA, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased 80% during winter (95CI: 1.1 – 2.9). There was no significant different in serum 25(OH)D levels among elderly populations between low latitude study site Boston, MA and high latitude site Stockholm, Sweden. There was no significant relation found in BMI, age and sex with serum 25(OH)D levels in the study. The seasonal serum 25(OH)D level changes was significantly different in the cross-sectional study design but not in the longitudinal study. CONCLUSION: Serum 25(OH)D levels were higher in the summer than in the winter among the elderly population resided in Boston, MA and Stockholm, Sweden.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used for more than a decade for the accurate determination of position on the earth's surface, as well as navigation. The system consists of approximately thirty satellites, managed by the US Department of Defense, orbiting at an altitude of 20 200 kilometres, as well as thousands of stationary ground-based and mobile receivers. It has become apparent from numerous studies that the delay of GPS signals in the atmosphere can also be used to study the amosphere, particularly to determine the precipitable water vapour (PWV) content of the troposphere and the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. This dissertation gives an overview of the mechanisms that contribute to the delay of radio signals between satellites and receivers. The dissertation then focuses on software developed at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory's (HartRAO's) Space Geodesy Programme to estimate tropospheric delays (from which PWV is calculated) in near real-time. In addition an application of this technique, namely the improvement of tropospheric delay models used to process satellite laser ranging (SLR) data, is investigated. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of opportunities for future work. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used for more than a decade for the accurate determination of position on the earth's surface, as well as navigation. The system consists of approximately thirty satellites, managed by the US Department of Defense, orbiting at an altitude of 20 200 kilometres, as well as thousands of stationary ground-based and mobile receivers. It has become apparent from numerous studies that the delay of GPS signals in the atmosphere can also be used to study the amosphere, particularly to determine the precipitable water vapour (PWV) content of the troposphere and the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. This dissertation gives an overview of the mechanisms that contribute to the delay of radio signals between satellites and receivers. The dissertation then focuses on software developed at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory's (HartRAO's) Space Geodesy Programme to estimate tropospheric delays (from which PWV is calculated) in near real-time. In addition an application of this technique, namely the improvement of tropospheric delay models used to process satellite laser ranging (SLR) data, is investigated. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of opportunities for future work. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A Mata Atlântica é um dos mais ricos ecossistemas em termos de diversidade biológica do mundo. Ela é representada por vários tipos de vegetações, além de ser caracterizada pelo alto grau de endemismo. Atualmente, esta floresta, se encontra bastante fragmentada, restando apenas 7,5%. Apesar disso, ainda mantém níveis extremamente altos de biodiversidade e endemismo. Contudo, este bioma, provavelmente, é o mais devastado e seriamente ameaçado do planeta. Apesar da importância do estudo sobre Mata Atlântica, pouco se conhece dos processos físicos, químicos e biológicos existentes acima e abaixo do dossel. O estudo da radiação solar é importante para entender os diversos processos físicos, químicos e biológicos que ocorrem na biosfera, em particular em floresta. Ainda no ambiente de floresta a radiação solar se destaca entre outros fatores, sendo fundamental nos processos de fotossíntese, aquecimento do ar e da superfície e evapotranspiração. O processo de fotossíntese ocorre apenas em parte do espectro da Radiação Solar, compreendido entre os comprimentos de onda eletromagnética de 0,4 a 0,7 μm e denominada de Radiação Fotossinteticamente Ativa (PAR). Com base no exposto, o objetivo é caracterizar a evolução temporal da Radiação Solar Global (Rg) e Fotossinteticamente Ativa acima e abaixo de um fragmento remanescente de Mata Atlântica no Estado de Alagoas. O estudo foi realizado, no período de outubro/2009 a setembro/2010, com a obtenção dos dados (Rg, PAR, PAR refletida e precipitação) provenientes de uma torre micrometeorológica (10º17 36 S, 36º17 24 W) de 26 metros instalada numa área de floresta de Mata Atlântica. A área de estudo está localizada na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Lula Lobo I inserida na fazenda Capiatã A, pertencente à Usina Coruripe Açúcar e Álcool S/A, no município de Coruripe, Alagoas. Verificou-se que a radiação solar incidente (Radiação Solar Global Externa (Rg_Ext) e Radiação Fotossinteticamente Ativa na parte Externa (PAR_Ext)) seguem a sazonalidade imposta pelo movimento aparente do Sol. Na época seca observou-se os maiores registros de Rg_Ext e PAR_Ext, com respectivas médias superiores a 900 W m-2 e 600 W m-2. Enquanto que, na época chuvosa foram registradas as menores médias, com Rg_Ext abaixo de 500 W m-2 e PAR_Ext inferior a 300 W m-2. Entretanto, uma pequena fração da radiação solar atinge o solo da floresta, ou seja, menos de 8% incide sobre a superfície. A radiação solar que incide no chão da floresta tem grande dependência do ângulo zenital (Z) e da estrutura do dossel. Notou-se também grande influência do Z na Rg_Ext e PAR_Ext, onde se verificou que quanto maior Z, menores são os valores destas componentes, em razão do maior caminho ótico que os raios solares tem que percorrer para atingir à superfície.

Orientador: Ernesto Kemp / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nunes_MonicaSoares_M.pdf: 4211832 bytes, checksum: 7414fb6290c92c79d1f11b0fdd3707db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O estudo da radiação cósmica é de extrema importância para a astrofísica. Partículas oriundas de diferentes locais, tanto do sistema solar, quanto fora dele, chegam constantemente à Terra, carregando muitas informações a respeito da sua origem. Quando essas partículas encontram a atmosfera terrestre da-se início a uma cascata de partículas secundárias resultantes da interação do raio cósmico primário com a atmosfera. Dessa chuva de partículas secundárias, os múons são as partículas carregadas mais abundantes que chegam à superfície da Terra. Múons são altamente penetrantes, o que pode representar um problema muito grande em ex- perimentos, mesmo que subterrâneos, de outras partículas. Devido ao seu grande número, eles se tornam extremamente necessários em reconstruções de chuveiros atmosféricos para obtenção de informações a respeito da partícula primária. Tendo conhecimento de suas características, como por exemplo fluxo, ruídos em experimentos podem ser tratados e outros estudos podem ser otimizados. A intensidade de múons na superfície terrestre é bem conhecida como sendo anisotrópica e com uma dependência do ângulo zenital da forma ? (?) = ?0?osn(?). Por simplicidade nos cálculos, este expoente n é freqüentemente utilizado com valor igual a 2, mas estudos mostram que este parâmetro possui dependência com a posição geográfica e com a faixa de energia dos múons em questão. Esta dissertação propõe um método simples para a precisa determinação do expoente n e da intensidade vertical de múons simultaneamente, que pode ser realizado de maneira rá- pida em qualquer laboratório de raios cósmicos, utilizando detectores de partículas, que juntos formam o chamado Telescópio de Múons. Como resultado da aplicação do método no Laboratório de Léptons em Campinas - SP, foi obtido um valor de n de aproximadamente 2.30 e um valor para a intensidade vertical de múons em torno de 146.40? z/m2sr. Dados muito satisfatórios e de acordo com outros experimentos semelhantes já realizados anteriormente no Laboratório. O método também foi aplicado no Fermilab, localizado nos Estados Unidos. Nesta outra loca- lização geográfica, os resultados diferiram bastante dos obtidos em Campinas, com n aproxima- damente 3.66 e intensidade vertical de múons em torno de 158.33 ? zm-2sr-1. O mesmo experimento com o telescópio será realizado em outras posições geográficas afim de se verificar o comportamento do expoente n e da intensidade vertical de múons em diferentes locais / Abstract: The study of cosmic radiation is of utmost importance to astrophysics. Particles from different locations, from inside the solar system, and outside it, constantly arrive on Earth, carrying a lot of information about its origin. When these particles arrives to Earth¿s atmosphere they initiate a cascade of secondary particles resulting from the interaction of the primary cosmic ray with the atmosphere. From this rain of secondary particles, muons are the most abundant charged particles that reach the Earth¿s surface.Muons are highly penetrating, which can be a very big problem in some experiments, even if underground, of other particles. Because of their large number, they become extremely necessary in reconstructions of air showers to obtain information about the primary particle. Having knowledge of its characteristics, such as flux and distribution, noise in some experiments can be treated and other studies can be optimized.Muon intensity in the Earth¿s surface is well known to be anisotropic and has dependence on the zenith angle of ? (?) = ?0 cosn(?). For simplicity in the calculations, this n exponent is often used with a value of 2, but studies show that this parameter has dependence on the geographical position and on the energy range of muons in question. This dissertation proposes a simple method for accurate determination of the exponent n and muon vertical intensity simultaneously, that can be determined quickly in any laboratory cosmic rays using a particle detector, which was called Muon Telescope. As a result of the application of the method on the Leptons Laboratory, in Campinas - SP - Brazil, the value for n that was obtained is about 2.30 and a value for the vertical intensity of muons around 146.40? z/m2sr. This data is very satisfactory and according to similar experiments previously conducted at the Laboratory.This method was applied on Fermilab, located at the United States. On this new geographical location, the results were different from that obtained at Campinas, with n about 3.66 and the vertical intensity around 158.33 ? zm-2sr-1.The same experiment with the telescope will be held in other geographical locations in order to check the n exponent behavior and the muon intensity at different locations / Mestrado / Física / Mestra em Física

Diploma project Zenith House is trying to find and map a position of figural painting in a contemporary art world. Through a detailed study of works of contemporary painters, who use historical influences and compositions, it argues the evolution of painting. It slightly touches the phenomenom of portraiture and the contemporary trend of de-skilling the craftsmen.