A novel algorithm for making the combination of outputs in the output zero direction of the plant always equal to zero was formulated. Using this algorithm and the result of MacFarlane and Karcanias, a fault detection scheme was proposed which utilizes the directional property of the multivariable linear system. The fault detection scheme is applicable to linear multivariable systems. Results were obtained for both continuous and discrete linear multivariable systems. A quadruple tank system was used to illustrate the results. The results were further verified by the steady state analysis of the plant.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Darice Lascala Padrao.pdf: 817547 bytes, checksum: 74b769c6e87a7073e5a30610c1d7f447 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-07 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The objective of this research paper is to study the origins of ZERO and the different challenges that have emerged throughout history before ZERO was considered an integral part of mathematics. The references below all show ZERO in different contexts: Sentidos Atribuídos ao Zero por alunos da 6ª série, article by Salvador and Nacarato (2003), presented at ANPED 2003; Sentido do Zero, by Guimarães, masters dissertation PUCSP 2008; A História do Zero, by Pinedo and Sbardelotto (2004) published on electronic bulletin nº3 Junior of Mathematics Education Knowledge and Research Group CEFET Paraná southwest unity Pato Branco Campus. This study shows how significant studying the history of mathematics is for improving the understanding of the researched subject. The basis for this paper is a historical survey on earlier civilizations which introduced ZERO in their numerical system, furthermore analyzing the mathematical challenges they encountered before finally arriving at a definition for nothing . The Babylonian civilization developed a positional sexagecimal system where they assigned a symbol to indicate the absence of a value in a numerical sequence. The Mayan people invented a positional numerical system based on 20, with an irregularity in the value relative to the third order. The Mayans assigned a sign in the shape of a shell to symbolize the absence of a value (zero). The numerical system established by the Chinese was a hybrid system where a symbol called ling indicated the absence of a value (zero).The Hindu civilization developed a numerical positional system based on 10, and also used symbols to indicate the absence of a value (nothing). Later this symbol became a number, the zero as we know it today. Thus by studying the difficulties overcome by these civilizations, it was possible to describe the development of ZERO from its origins until it became an integral part of numerical system / Este trabalho é uma pesquisa bibliográfica que tem como objetivo investigar as dificuldades que surgiram ao longo da história para que o zero fosse considerado um elemento integrante da matemática. Os trabalhos citados abordam, de alguma forma, o zero. São eles: Sentidos Atribuídos ao zero por alunos da 6ª série, artigo de Salvador e Nacarato (2003), apresentado na ANPED 2003; Sentido do zero de Guimarães, dissertação de Mestrado PUCSP 2008; A História do Zero, artigo de Pinedo e Sbardelotto 2004, publicado no boletim eletrônico nº3 Júnior do Grupo de Ensino e Pesquisa em Educação Matemática CEFET Paraná unidade Sudoeste - Campus Pato Branco. Neste trabalho mostramos a importância do conhecimento da história da matemática para uma melhor compreensão do conceito a ser estudado. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa se deu por meio de um levantamento histórico sobre as civilizações que introduziram o zero em seus sistemas de numeração, evidenciando as dificuldades encontradas, até que chegassem a uma denotação para o vazio . A civilização babilônica utilizou um sistema de numeração posicional sexagesimal e atribuiu um símbolo para indicar a ausência de uma ou mais ordens na representação de um número. O povo maia utilizou um sistema de numeração posicional de base vinte, com uma irregularidade no valor relativo à terceira ordem. Este povo representou a ausência de uma ou mais ordens com o símbolo de uma concha . O sistema de numeração criado pelos chineses foi baseado em um sistema híbrido, no qual foi atribuído um símbolo para indicar a ausência de ordens, que chamaram de ling. A civilização hindu desenvolveu um sistema de numeração posicional de base dez e usou um símbolo para representar a falta de uma ordem, associado ao nada . Mais tarde esse símbolo tornou-se um número, o zero. Assim foi possível descrever a trajetória da origem do zero nas civilizações citadas anteriormente, conhecendo as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos povos

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project / Captivated by the sustainable design principles and concepts, this study explores the definition of what is net zero and how has this concept become the new standard in today’s society. By analyzing several case studies, the qualitative and quantitative data will give insight into developing the ideal performance of green and sustainable buildings in relation to a net zero energy focus. The idea of sustainable design began as an economic tool to reduce high energy consumption in order to minimize cost in building construction. Nonetheless, this practice has evolved further into elevating the social and environmental, as well as economic standards of building design in the twenty-first century.

The purpose of this paper is to examine properties of the ring C(X) of all complex or real-valued continuous functions on an arbitrary topological space X.

The focus of this thesis is to determine what factors predict zero anaphora in Meithei. The data for this thesis is derived from pear stories. Arguments were tabulated in spreadsheets counting nouns, pronouns, and zero anaphors; they were also examined for their semantic role and information status. The findings showed the agent role was typically represented by reduced forms of reference, the majority of the time by zero anaphora. Other semantic roles were typically represented by lexical full forms of reference. Agents were strongly correlated to previous subjects. Other semantic roles were typically found in the other information status categories. The conclusion drawn from these findings is semantic role and information status influence accessibility, and accessibility determines whether or not arguments are represented by zero anaphors in Meithei.

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Abstract TAIEX Options¡]TXO¡^has been listed and traded for four years , and sttlement account total 48 expiration month contracts , in order to verificate 24 kinds of trade strategies and 502 set of combination trade positions , which can make profit good , the author select 7 Call and 7 Put strick price , which have high trade volumes of each expiration month contract first day closing price , to calculate each one¡¦s profit-loss¡FIn addition , verificate 19292 sets of¡urandom combination positions¡vtest to examine the one of best¡C We can compare and assess to count the best operation trade strategy and position by three propositions , accoding to market situation , The result of verification , the¡usell strangles¡vand ¡usell strddles¡vwere good to others , and selling in-the-money at first and second series Put also has more profit , and the parts of¡urandom combination positions¡vin 48 months , which can reach as high as 41 months profit¡C

Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diplomarbeit, 1984

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).