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Ph. D.

by Xiao Gang. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-99). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / SUMMARY --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 1.1 --- MAGNESIUM --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- GENERAL FUNCTION OF MAGNESIUM --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF MAGNESIUM --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- CLINICAL ASPECTS --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF MAGNESIUM --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2 --- ZINC --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- GENERAL FUNCTION OF ZINC --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF ZINC --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- CLINICAL ASPECTS --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- ASSESSMENT OF THE BODY ZINC STATUS --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF ZINC --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3 --- COPPER --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- GENERAL FUNCTION OF COPPER --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF COPPER --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- CLINICAL ASPECT --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF COPPER STATUS --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF COPPER --- p.29 / Chapter 1.4 --- SELENIUM --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- GENERAL FUNCTION OF SELENIUM --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF SELENIUM --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- CLINICAL ASPECTS --- p.34 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- ASSESSMENT --- p.36 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF SELENIUM --- p.37 / Chapter 1.5 --- INTRODUCTION TO ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY --- p.38 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- PRINCIPLE OF AAS --- p.38 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- INSTRUMENTATION --- p.39 / Chapter 2 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1 --- TRACE ELEMENT DEFICIENCY IN HOSPITAL PATIENT --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2 --- MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- CHANGE OF ZINC AND COPPER IN AMI --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- SELENIUM DEFICIENCY --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3 --- OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROJECT --- p.52 / Chapter 3 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 3.1 --- PATIENTS SELECTION --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- CONTROL GROUP --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- AMI GROUP --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- DIGOXIN TREATMENT GROUP --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2 --- ANALYTIC METHODS --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- DETERMINATION OF SERUM Magnesium --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- DETERMINATION OF SERUM ZINC --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- DETERMINATION OF SERUM COPPER --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- DETERMINATION OF SERUM SELENIUM --- p.63 / Chapter 4 --- RESULTS --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1 --- RESULTS OF EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- RESULTS OF METHODS EVALUATION OF SERUM ZINC ASSAY --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- RESULTS OF METHODS EVALUATION OF SERUM COPPER ASSAY --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- RESULTS OF METHODS EVALUATION OF SERUM SELENIUM ASSAY --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- RESULTS OF PATIENTS STUDY --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- CONTROL GROUP --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION I DEMOGRAPHIC DATA --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- DIGOXIN GROUP --- p.83 / Chapter 5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.85 / Chapter 5.1 --- AMI PATIENTS AND TRACE ELEMENT STATUS --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2 --- MAGNESIUM AND ZINC STATUS IN PATIENTS RECEIVING DIGOXIN TREATMENT --- p.88 / REFERENCE --- p.91 / LIST OF TABLES --- p.99 / LIST OF TABLES --- p.102 / TABLES & FIGURES

Zinco é um importante micronutriente, participa de várias enzimas e tem papel fundamental na atividade imunológica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a deficiência de zinco nos idosos foi dosado o zinco plasmático em 88 pacientes com mais de 65 anos admitidos na Emergência do Hospital Regional de Araguaina, TO. Foram analisados: raça, gênero, medidas antropométricas, dosagem da hemoglobina, albumina, contagem de linfócitos, dosagem da proteína C reativa e tempo de permanência. Os resultados sugerem que ocorre deficiência de zinco mais acentuada no sexo feminino e que pacientes com deficiência de zinco também apresentam menores valores de índice de massa corpórea (IMC), hemoglobina, albumina e contagem de linfócitos. Não se observou maior incidência de infecção no grupo com deficiência de zinco, porém o grupo apresentou maior tempo de permanência hospitalar. / Zinc is an important micronutrient that plays a role in many enzymatic and immune system activities in human body. Considering this, the goal of this work is to evaluate zinc deficiency in elderly patients. A total of 88 volunteers with more than 65 years old, admitted at ER from Regional Hospital, were monitored and zinc concentration was dosed in their plasma. The sampling volunteers were evaluated according to: race, gender, anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin, albumin, total lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein dosage and length of stay. The results suggest that zinc deficiency is more pronounced in females and patients with zinc deficiency also show lower values of body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, albumin and lymphocyte count. There was no increased incidence of infection in the group with zinc deficiency, but the group had a longer hospital stay.

Soils in many agricultural areas have high pH, resulting in low availability of zinc and iron. Plants grown on such soils suffer from either Zn or Fe deficiency or both. The efficient plant genotypes grown normally in calcerous soils were found to evolve some strategies to acquire the iron which is in insoluble form. Iron efficient graminaceous monocots release iron chelating substances, mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs), in response to iron deficiency stress. Several researchers have suggested that phytosiderophores also can play role in grass Zn nutrition and thus it may be possible that it is the uptake mechanism for Zn efficiency. Several possible genes that take role in phytosiderophore synthesis or found to be induced under iron deficient conditions were identified in several organisms but not on wheat. In this study, the efficient barley cultivar Tokak-157, efficient wheat cultivar Kira&ccedil / -66 and relatively less efficient wheat cultivar BDMM-19 were grown in normal growth conditions for 1 week and transfered to zinc deficient, iron deficient and both zinc and iron deficient nutrient solutions. After growing 1 week on these conditions, plants grown on both zinc and iron deficient nutrient solutions were retransfered to zinc and iron sufficient conditions. Degenerate primers were designed for the conserved regions of previously identified genes that take role in phytosiderophore synthesis or induced under iron deficient conditions and RT-PCRs were performed. The complete open reading frame of IDI-1(Iron deficiency induced-1) gene and the putative gene fragment for SAM-s (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) were identified.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of all organisms. Zinc deficiency is a widespread micronutrient disorder worldwide, which reduces crop yields and the nutritive value of the grain. Understanding the process of zinc absorption and translocation in crop is essential for this purpose. Zinc is taken up by plants and translocated within plants through high-affinity zinc transporter proteins embedded in the plasma membrane. The Zn transporters are induced under Zn deficiency, and it is speculated that the expression levels of some of zinc transporters are critical for improved tolerance to low zinc. A number of Zn transporters have been cloned from higher plants including rice and Arabidopsis, but little has been done in barley and wheat. This project aims to investigate genes involveld in zinc efficiency mechanism by complementation analysis in yeast, which is double mutant of zinc-transporters, using cDNA expression library from a most zinc efficient barley cultivar, Tokak-157.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1987.

published_or_final_version / Biochemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

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No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1990.