This research studies the chemical nature of zirconia and the complex surface chemistry of zirconia in order to better comprehend its behavior under chromatographic conditions. This research shows how the physical and chemical properties of zirconia depend strongly on the thermal treatment during synthesis. The morphology of the samples was also studied. The absorption capability of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) on zirconia was also monitored and spectrally characterized. The results of this research showed how the properties of zirconia vary with thermal treatment. It was observed that the zirconia prepared at a higher temperature had lower surface area, lower pore size and pore volume as compared to the zirconia prepared at a lower temperature. The morphology studies showed the porosity of the zirconia. The results from the absorption experiments showed that zirconia prepared at a higher temperature absorbed more ATP than the zirconia prepared at a lower temperature. Significant changes were also observed on the pellets of zirconia pre and post absorption experiments. I hope that this research sheds more light on the complex properties of zirconia’s surface chemistry and the results of this study could better help in the application and use of zirconia in chromatography to separate proteins.