Tsang Yiu-Yuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-218). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgments --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vi / List of figures --- p.xi / List of tables --- p.xvi / Abbreviations --- p.xviii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Organic pollutant and environment --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Distributions and treatment standards of two target PAHs --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Pentachlorophenol --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Distribution and treatment standard of PCP --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Distribution and treatment standard of DDT --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Indigo carmine --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6 --- Cleanup technologies towards organopollutants --- p.16 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Treatment methods for organopollutants --- p.16 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Enzyme technology on environmental cleanup --- p.18 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Oxidoreductase --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Enzyme preparation --- p.20 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Spent mushroom compost --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.5.1 --- Laccase --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6.5.2 --- Catalytic cycle of laccase --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6.5.3 --- Lignin peroxidase --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.5.4 --- Catalytic cycle of LiP --- p.26 / Chapter 1.6.5.5. --- Manganese peroxidase --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.5.6 --- Catalytic cycle of MnP --- p.28 / Chapter 1.6.6 --- Limitations on enzyme technology --- p.29 / Chapter 1.6.7 --- Enhancement of laccase activity and/or catalytic lifetime --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6.8 --- Enhancement of MnP activity and/or catalytic lifetime --- p.32 / Chapter 1.6.9 --- Other general approaches to maintain enzyme activity --- p.34 / Chapter 1.7 --- Aims of my study --- p.35 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Production of spent mushroom compost (SMC) --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2 --- Effect of age and batches of SMCs on enzyme qualities --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Maximization of enzymes extracted from SMC --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Effect of extraction solution type --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Effect of extraction volume --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Effect of extraction time --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Effect of rotation speed --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Enzyme and protein quality --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Protein assay --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Laccase assay --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Manganese peroxidase assay --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Lignin peroxidase assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- p-glucanase assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Carboxymethylcellulase assay --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Xylanase assay --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.8 --- Lipase assay --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.9 --- Protease assay --- p.43 / Chapter 2.5 --- Freeze-drying on crude enzyme preparation --- p.44 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Effect of freeze-drying --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6 --- Partial purification on crude enzyme preparation --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- PAGE analyses on Pleurotus SMC's laccase and MnP --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Effect of dialysis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.7 --- Characterization of crude enzyme powder --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Metal analysis --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Anion contents --- p.47 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- H202 content --- p.47 / Chapter 2.8 --- Stability of crude enzyme at storage --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9 --- Optimization of crude enzyme activities --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Ligninolytic enzyme --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9.1.1 --- Crude enzyme amount --- p.48 / Chapter 2.9.1.2 --- pH effect --- p.49 / Chapter 2.9.1.3 --- Temperature effect --- p.49 / Chapter 2.9.1.4 --- EDTA addition --- p.49 / Chapter 2.9.1.5 --- Copper ion addition --- p.49 / Chapter 2.9.1.6 --- Manganese ion addition --- p.50 / Chapter 2.9.1.7 --- Hydrogen peroxide addition --- p.50 / Chapter 2.9.1.8 --- Malonic acid addition --- p.50 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- "Other enzymes (beta-glucanase, carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase)" --- p.51 / Chapter 2.9.2.1 --- Temperature effect --- p.51 / Chapter 2.9.2.2 --- pH effect --- p.51 / Chapter 2.10 --- Studies on the degradation ability of crude enzyme towards organopollutants --- p.51 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Removal of PAH (naphthalene and phenanthrene) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.10.1.1 --- Experimental setup --- p.52 / Chapter 2.10.1.2 --- Effect of PAH concentration --- p.53 / Chapter 2.10.1.3 --- Effect of ABTS addition --- p.54 / Chapter 2.10.1.4 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.54 / Chapter 2.10.1.5 --- Putative identification and quantification of PAHs --- p.54 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Removal of pentachlorophenol --- p.56 / Chapter 2.10.2.1 --- Experimental setup --- p.56 / Chapter 2.10.2.2 --- Effect of PCP concentration --- p.57 / Chapter 2.10.2.3 --- Effect ofABTS addition --- p.57 / Chapter 2.10.2.4 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.57 / Chapter 2.10.2.5 --- Putative identification and quantification of PCP --- p.57 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- "Removal of 4,4´ة-DDT" --- p.58 / Chapter 2.10.3.1 --- Experimental setup --- p.58 / Chapter 2.10.3.2 --- Effect of DDT concentration --- p.59 / Chapter 2.10.3.3 --- Effect ofABTS addition --- p.59 / Chapter 2.10.3.4 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.59 / Chapter 2.10.3.5 --- Putative identification and quantification of DDT --- p.60 / Chapter 2.10.4 --- Removal of dye ´ؤ Indigo carmine --- p.61 / Chapter 2.10.4.1 --- Experimental setup --- p.61 / Chapter 2.10.4.2 --- Effect of dye concentration --- p.62 / Chapter 2.10.4.3 --- Effect of ABTS addition --- p.62 / Chapter 2.10.4.4 --- Effect of incubation time --- p.62 / Chapter 2.11 --- Assessment criteria --- p.62 / Chapter 2.11.1 --- Degradation ability --- p.62 / Chapter 2.11.2 --- Toxicity of treated samples (Microtox® test) --- p.63 / Chapter 2.12 --- Statistical analysis --- p.64 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- The best SMC for enzyme preparation --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2 --- Maximization of enzymes extracted from SMC --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Effect of extraction solution type and volume on crude enzyme recovery --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effect of extraction time on crude enzyme recovery --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Effect of rotation speed on crude enzyme recovery --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of dialysis on crude enzyme preparation --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4 --- Freeze-drying on crude enzyme preparation --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5 --- Characterization of crude enzyme powder --- p.86 / Chapter 3.6 --- Optimization of crude enzyme activities --- p.87 / Chapter 3.7 --- Storage stability of crude enzyme in powder form and liquid form --- p.115 / Chapter 3.8 --- Studies on degradation ability of crude enzyme towards organopollutants --- p.135 / Chapter 3.8.1 --- Degradation of naphthalene (NAP) by crude enzyme solution --- p.135 / Chapter 3.8.2 --- Degradation of phenanthrene (PHE) by crude enzyme solution. --- p.141 / Chapter 3.8.3 --- Degradation of pentachlorphenol (PCP) by crude enzyme solution --- p.147 / Chapter 3.8.4 --- "Degradation of 4,4´ة-DDT by crude enzyme solution" --- p.152 / Chapter 3.8.5 --- Degradation of Indigo carmine by crude enzyme solution --- p.158 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- The best SMC for enzyme preparation --- p.163 / Chapter 4.2 --- Maximization of ligninolytic enzymes extracted from SMC --- p.168 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Effect of extraction solution type and volume on crude enzyme recovery --- p.168 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effect of extraction time on crude enzyme recovery --- p.169 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Effect of rotation speed on crude enzyme recovery --- p.169 / Chapter 4.3 --- Effect of dialysis on crude enzyme extract --- p.171 / Chapter 4.4 --- Freeze-drying on crude enzyme extract --- p.171 / Chapter 4.5 --- Characterization of crude enzyme powder --- p.172 / Chapter 4.6 --- Optimization of crude enzyme activities --- p.173 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Effect of crude enzyme amount --- p.173 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Effect of incubation pH --- p.174 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Effect of incubation temperature --- p.176 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Effect of EDTA addition --- p.177 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Effect of copper and manganese ion addition --- p.177 / Chapter 4.6.6 --- Effect of hydrogen peroxide addition --- p.179 / Chapter 4.6.7 --- Effect of malonic acid on maintaining enzyme activities --- p.180 / Chapter 4.6.8 --- Activities and stabilities of ligninolytic enzymes under the combined optimal conditions --- p.181 / Chapter 4.7 --- Storage stability of crude enzyme in powder form and liquid form --- p.182 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- "β-glucanase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities" --- p.182 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Protein content --- p.182 / Chapter 4.7.3 --- Laccase activity --- p.183 / Chapter 4.7.4 --- MnP activity --- p.183 / Chapter 4.8 --- Studies on the degradation ability of crude enzyme towards organopollutants --- p.185 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Degradation of naphthalene (NAP) by crude enzyme solution --- p.185 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Degradation of phenanthrene (PHE) by crude enzyme solution. --- p.187 / Chapter 4.8.3 --- Degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by crude enzyme solution --- p.189 / Chapter 4.8.4 --- "Degradation of 4,4-DDT by crude enzyme solution" --- p.190 / Chapter 4.8.5 --- Degradation of Indigo carmine by crude enzyme solution --- p.191 / Chapter 4.9 --- Prospect for SMC as a source of organopollutant-degrading enzyme --- p.193 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusions --- p.195 / Chapter 6. --- Further Investigation --- p.197 / Chapter 7. --- References --- p.198
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324978 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Contributors | Tsang, Yiu-Yuen., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xviii, 218 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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