This project deals with exploring 1) travel-related health risk perception, and 2) actions taken to mitigate that health risk. Ordered logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the perceived risk of contracting influenza at work, school, daycare, stores, restaurants, libraries, hospitals, doctor’s offices, public transportation, and family or friends’ homes. Based on the models, factors influencing risk perception of contracting influenza in public places for discretionary activities (stores, restaurants, and libraries) are consistent but differ from models of discretionary social visits to someone’s home. Mandatory activities (work, school, daycare) seem to have a few unique factors (e.g., age, gender, work exposure), as do different types of health-related visits (hospitals, doctors’ offices). Across all of the models, recent experience with the virus, of either an individual or a household member, was the most consistent set of factors increasing risk perception. Using such factors in examining transportation implications will require tracking virus outbreaks for use in conjunction with other factors.
Subsequently, social-health risk mitigation strategies were studied with the objective of understanding how risk perception influences an individual’s protective behavior. For this objective, this study analyzes travel-actions associated with two scenarios during an outbreak of influenza: 1) A sick person avoiding spreading the disease and 2) A healthy person avoiding getting in contact with the disease. Ordered logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with mitigation behavior in the first scenario: visiting a doctor’s office, avoiding public places, avoiding public transit, staying at home; and in the second scenario: avoiding public places, avoiding public transit, staying at home. Based on the models for Scenario 1, the factors affecting the decision of avoiding public places, avoiding public transit, and staying at home were fairly consistent but differ for visiting a doctor’s office. However, Scenario 2 models were consistent with their counterpart mitigation models in Scenario 1 except for two factors: gender and household characteristics. Across all the models from Scenario 1, gender was the most significant factor, and for Scenario 2, the most significant factor was the ratio of household income to the household size. / Master of Science / Transmission of a communicable disease depends on the social interactions of the members of society. Generally, individuals associate their health-protection behavior to the perception of health risk associated with that activity. Hence, individuals with high health-risk perception are likely to participate in a protective action to reduce the threat of getting infected with influenza. However, in some cases, even if a high health risk is perceived, an individual might have a decreased likelihood to take actions to mitigate that risk. This behavior could be associated with their inability to carry out recommendations, such as vaccination (due to the cost of vaccination) or adopting protective behaviors such as social isolation (switching from public transit to personal vehicle due to the associated cost). This behavior, of either adopting or rejecting protective action, can be explained by protection motivation theory. This theory explains the individual’s perception of the severity of an event (i.e., threat appraisal), and individual’s expectancy of carrying out recommendations (risk mitigation strategies) to reduce threat (i.e., coping appraisal). Both, health risk perception and risk-mitigation strategies are studied for changes in travel decisions.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:VTETD/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/81965 |
| Date | 29 January 2018 |
| Creators | Singh, Kunal |
| Contributors | Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hotle, Susan, Murray-Tuite, Pamela Marie, Heaslip, Kevin Patrick |
| Publisher | Virginia Tech |
| Source Sets | Virginia Tech Theses and Dissertation |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | ETD, application/pdf |
| Rights | In Copyright, http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
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