「戰略文化」是戰略研究的文化途徑，主要是認為一國的歷史、文化、意識形態等內在生成的條件會影響該國決策精英的思想、觀念、認知，從而影響、導致該國在一段較長時期內具有基本一致的戰略偏好，進而做出與他們觀念認知相符合的戰略行為，此可為理解中國對外戰略認知與行為，提供一個文化觀點的研究途徑或理論解釋。
本論文借用美國學者江憶恩（Alastair Iain Johnston）對「戰略文化」的分析，實際考究兩漢與隋唐對外來威脅的認知、用武的態度、和戰的立場與偏好，發現古代中國王朝具有對外壓制的戰略偏好，與江憶恩認為中國是強勢現實主義（parabellum）戰略文化的觀點一致；但本論文認為，造成這樣的結果，主要是受到為儒家提倡與擁護的「天下觀」理念之影響所致。
「天下觀」理念是中國周朝思想家們對於爭奪及治理天下領土、政權及民心的思想或觀點，他們以推動及維護「中原王朝主導的天下秩序（中原天子為天下唯一主宰，外邦族皆應臣服）」為核心價值，並透過型塑「禮治等級制度」推動「以夏變夷」，外部勢力若悖於該一文化結構，就視同破壞天下秩序，視同是對中原政權的安全威脅，武力在此情況下就被賦予了「誅暴平亂」的道德化與除罪化的工具意義而被允許使用。在「天下觀」理念影響下的中原君臣，會認為最大的不安全感來自於一個不臣服且實力又大的外部政權，因此對外以壓制、凌駕、征服來袪除他們的不安全感，此即構成封建中國對外用兵、崛起稱霸的戰略文化邏輯。 / The main purpose of this paper is to pursuit the reason of the ancient China’s rising and its triggering a war toward foreign threat.
By analyzing the perception of the use of force of the Han, Sui,Tang Dynasties when dealing with the external threat, this paper, using the approach of the strategic culture analysis by the American scholar Alastair Iain Johnston , has found that the strategic culture of ancient China had a coercive preference toward the external threat, which is consistent with the conclusion of Johnston that the strategic culture of China is parabellum(realpolitik). This paper indicates that such preference was affected by the “Tianxia discourse”(a thought toward the world) of the ancient Chinese.
“Tianxia discourse” mainly acclaimed by the Confucianism is a paradigm of how the Chinese emperor dominates “the world”. In” Tianxia discourse”, the ideal subject of the national strategy should establish or maintain the unipolar structure of “Li(禮) hierarchy system ”.In other words, the world order must under control by the Chinese emperor, any regimes that try to rebel this structure is regarded as a threat to the Empire. In order to maintain this order, the use of force is allowed and necessary.
Through “Tianxia discourse”, we can well understand the strategy and behavior of the empire, knowing the logic of the use of force when it faces an external threat and discovering the reason of the ancient china’s expansion.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0922530331 |
| Creators | 丁士中 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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