作為古代東亞文化圈其中一部最具影響力的著作─《論語》，其在漢代的重要性一直長期被忽視。直至近年隨着學界的「翻案風」興起，對《論語》及《論語》學的研究才開始起步，但對唐以前的研究仍是寥寥無幾。此外，迄今為止這些研究仍離不開就《論語》的版本及詮釋本進行文本式研究，卻忽視了《論語》作為一部重要的儒家經典，對政治、社會等各方面的實際影響，本研究希望為此填補一點空白。本文認為《論語》所以沒有在西漢時期被列入成為《五經》之一，主因在於不同版本之間存有篇數差異及未經「孔子删削」而成為「權威定本」，是以不符合西漢「大一統」的政治需要。而且，在漢人眼裡「《論語》」的概念其實有「廣義」和「狹義」之分，這亦是前人研究時常常忽略的。至於，《論語》作為一種官學在兩漢之間如何形成及發展，以至最終成為部分知識人心目中的「第六經」亦是本文嘗試回答的問題。正如本文強調研究《論語》與社會及政治之間的關係，是以我們亦將探討西漢末至東漢時期的讖緯思潮如何導致孔子由一個人變成一個神的問題，因為《論語》作為孔子的言行記錄，其地位亦隨着孔子的地位改變而有所升降，而《七緯》中包含《論語緯》正是其中一種地位上升的表現。最後，有關《論語》在兩漢的政治影響力的問題，文中亦嘗試透過分析幾部政書及一些皇帝的詔書、朝議，指出朝臣及皇帝如何據《論》而言。當然，本研究所以以「五經以外」為題，並不是要否定《五經》在漢代的影響力，相反本研究嘗試從一個嶄新的角度分析兩漢的政治問題，從而希望能得出一些新的看法。 / This research aims at studying the political authority of a long-neglected classic in Han Dynasty ─Lun Yuor the Analects of the Confucius. To date, the majority of scholars in the intellectual history field are operating on the assumption that, be-cause of the establishment of the "Experts of Five Classics (The Book of History, the Book of Odes, the Book of Change, the Book of Ritualsand the Spring and Autumn Annals)" in the central government academy (Tai Xue) and an government officer recruitment examination based on the "Five Classics," the intellectual history of Han was basically the history about the conservation, transmission and interpretation of "Five Classics." Most sholarship on the Analects either studies the textual genesis or the literary character of this source material about Confucius. As a result, not many scholars have studied how the Analects interact with Han political, social, and material contexts. / But should we accept this common wisdom that the intellectual history of Han was just the history about the "Five Classics"? Or was there something beyond the "Five Classics" that was of equal importance? This could be answered by the fact that Cai Yong, a senior official and a Confucian scholar of the latter Han period, described the Analects as the "Sixth Classic" which was also a basic entry requirement for the newly appointed "Erudites" and academy students of the Imperial Academy (Tai Xue) in late Eastern Han. It is also interesting to note that many official documents or memorials that the senior officials presented to the court quoted from the Analects to support their arguments since Emperor Wu of Western Han. It is reasonable, therefore, to believe that the Analects had played a special role in the politics of Han China. / It is commonly believed that Han intellectuals in office emphasized the ideas in the "Five Classics" as practical solutions for contemporary political and social issues; and all government schools (from elementary learning to academy) should use "Five Classics" as part of their programs. As a result, we are told, the "Five Classics" became the authoritative traditions of Han Dynasty. It is hard to belief, however, that the "Five Classics," each with hundreds of thousands of words (most of them are exegesis written by later classical masters), could be propagated to the whole country, including the far-flung regions of the empire, in the pre-printing era. Furthermore, some recently excavated materials suggest a different view to evaluate the influence of the "Five Classics." What is most striking was that the excavated manuscripts of the "Five Classics" were only discovered in the Central Plain (i.e., the North China Plain), while no discovery was reported outside this area. On the other hand, excavated manuscripts of the Han Analects were unearthed in many parts of the Han Empire as far as the region which is now North Korea (most of them belong to the early Western Han period before Emperor Wu). This phenomenon invites us to recast our views of the past in unforeseen ways. It stands to reason to argue that the authority of the "Five Classics" in the Han is somewhat overstated and the influence of the Analectsis underestimated in a particular time and place. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 何家祈. / Parallel title from English abstract. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-261). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / He Jiaqi.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_1202945 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Contributors | 何家祈 (author.), Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of History. (degree granting institution.), He, Jiaqi (author.) |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | Chinese, English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography, text |
| Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (261 leaves), computer, online resource |
| Coverage | 221 B.C.-960 A.D, China, Han dynasty, 201 B.C.-220 A.D |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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