本文主旨在於由少年家庭照顧者的觀點,詮釋自身之照顧歷程。透過敘事研究法深入少年家庭照顧者的內心世界,探討少年家庭照顧者角色形成因素、照顧歷程之主觀感受與經驗詮釋、承擔照顧責任對少年發展的影響、因應壓力方式以及社會福利層面及個人之需求,並根據研究結果提出對國內家庭照顧者服務及少年福利服務之建議。
本研究共訪談四位有效受訪者,經過整理分析研究結果發現,少年家庭照顧者角色形成的因素,包含「文化規範」、「交換的報答回饋」、「情感性因素」、「潛在照顧者的缺乏」及「家庭系統分工考量」五個層面。
少年照顧者的感受可歸納為以下幾點:1.少年失去了童年與少年時期應享有的福利;2.成年家屬花費許多時間和精力在失能家屬身上,忽略了家中其他成員;或因轉而對少年照顧者產生過份的期待;3.永無止盡的工作常令少年家庭照顧者感到疲累不堪;4.失能家屬往往會有突發狀況發生,照顧者必須隨時隨地陪伴在失能家屬左右,沒有自己的時間與空間;5.少年家庭缺乏足夠的經濟支持,除了負擔家務照料失能家屬外,少年仍必須工作賺取薪資。
照顧角色對少年發展的助益包括:少年照顧者會建立出一套個人對生活、責任、情感的架構,將負面情境視為對生命的正向考驗,且較其他同儕更為實際與成熟的思考態度與挫折容忍適應程度,且因未來的規劃而產生自我督促的力量。另外少年照顧者較具同情心與利他主義,對於自身存在的價值有高度的評價,亦更具有關懷弱勢者與體恤他人的能力。
對少年發展的限制方面,少年家庭照顧者不易保有自我的自主性及獨立性。受訪者產生心理分離的矛盾與衝突,既渴望保有自我獨立性,卻又無法放下家人的負擔。而日以繼夜的制式化生活,可能有礙個體發展自我獨特的心理社會價值觀。另外,角色逆轉導致少年照顧者承受角色衝突,出現焦慮、怨恨的情緒。
照顧責任對少年家庭照顧者生活的影響包括:家庭凝聚力與成員間親密感增進;唸書時間與照顧時間互相擠壓而無法兼顧學業與照顧;照顧工作影響少年參與社交活動的時間;對未來的考量安排必須符合現實生活的所需。
少年照顧者感到一般壓力情境包括:遭遇到生活事件改變或接踵而來的事件;人際關係的壓力以及課業成績的壓力;因照顧責任所衍生的壓力則包括受照顧者的不合作與責備、父母不合理的期望、家庭經濟壓力,擔心未來沒有人照顧失能家屬,社會他人的異樣眼光、及外人與社會道德期待也都是少年照顧者因為照顧者角色所必須額外面對的壓力。少年照顧者因應壓力所採行的策略包括:透過傾訴宣洩情緒、轉移注意力,找其他的事作、暫時離開現場、積極地強調正面意義,或以快速轉換念頭的方式調整負面情緒。最後研究分析少年家庭照顧者所使用的社會資源及其需求,少年家庭照顧者的人際支持網絡十分薄弱,使用的資源有限。絕大多數的社會支持均以經濟層面的協助為主。少年照顧者的需求包括:替代性照顧服務、期待社會以平等的眼光看待失能家屬、充足的資訊和心理輔導以及能夠獨處喘息的時間。
因應研究結果,研究者提出政策及實務上之建議,首要保障少年照顧者身為
少年的人權,提供符合少年照顧者需求之福利服務,並結合所有相關單位共同合作滿足少年照顧者的獨特需求。 / The purposes of this qualitative research include: (1)Analyze the factors of young carer’s becoming. (2) Understand young carer’s feelings about care experience. (3) Understand what kind of influences when teenagers must care for disabled family members. (5) Analyze young carer’s pressures and how they coping with. (6) Accord to research findings to propose welfare organizations and government some suggestions.
Four young carer have interviewed. The research discovered the factors of young carer’s becoming are including culture standard , exchanging to pay back, emotions with family members, lacked potential carer and family system factors.
Young carer’s feeling about care experiences are including they lost their childhoods, their parents have excessive hopes to young carer, too many works made young carer feel tired, and they have no time to play with their friends or to do other things.
The influences about teenager care for disabled family members are including the positive and the negative sides. The positive side is young carer have more eympathy and maturation than other same generations. The negative sides are they lost decision-making powers and institutionalized life style will let them feel depressed.
Young carer’s pressures are including teenager’s and carer’s pressures. The way that they cope with the pressures are leading off feelings, transfering attention, doing other things, impermanent leaving or to find front meanings.
Finally this research discovered young carer with weak support . They need rest time, enough information, and psychology counseling etc.
According to research discoveres, researcher propose three suggestions about policy and welfare organzations.
◆ To ensure young carer’s human rights , remember they still are teenagers.
◆ Providing welfare services which fitting in with young carer.
◆ Connecting with all related units to satisfy young carer’s individual needs.
Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0902540161 |
Creators | 吳宇娟, Wu,Sophia |
Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
Language | 中文 |
Detected Language | English |
Type | text |
Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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