每一項新科技產品的誕生，總為人們帶來促進民主參與的無限想像，關於網際網路與公民參與的關係，持「動員」 (mobilization) 看法的學者認為網際網路對於那些在現有政治體系中處於邊緣地位者有協助告知(inform)、組織(organize)與吸引他們參與的功能。然而，也有學者認為網路資源只是對那些原本在傳統政治系統中的活躍份子進行「強化」(reinforcement)作用。強化假說認為，即使網際網路具備開放與去中心化的潛質，它也只對那些既有菁英們(elites)較有幫助，因此，原本參與偏差（biases）的現象仍然存在，甚至可能更為惡化。另一方面，主張「時間取代說」(time replacement)的學者則認為，電腦中介傳播是以現實生活中參與活動的時間，換取在網路上與人互動的時間，必然損害人們實體的社會資本，因此媒介使用對社會和政治參與有負面影響。
檢視過往研究，對於以上三種說法都各有支持，有關影響政治參與的因素，也有不少相關例證，但對於各影響變數之間關聯性的探討則較為缺乏。本研究針對臺北市、新北市及高雄市1,434位20歲以上民眾進行電話調查，嘗試了解不同層次的網路使用行為與選舉參與的關聯，並進一步討論各變項間的相互影響。
研究發現，單純的網路使用與否，對實體選舉參與並無預測力，必須進一步探究不同層次的數位應用情形，而數位使用能力對網路或實體選舉參與所產生的影響，也必須藉由網路政治內容瀏覽、網路政治意見交換及內在政治效能感等變項作為中介變數。這樣的結果顯示，未來欲探討網際網路對政治參與的影響，必須深入區分不同使用型態間的落差。 / The birth of a new technological product always brings to people an endless imagination on how this would promote the political participation. The scholars who think the Internet helps “mobilize” civic engagement believe the Internet helps to “inform,” “organize” and “attract” the individuals who are marginalized in the existing political systems. Some scholars, however, believe the Internet merely has a “reinforcement” effect on those who are already active in the political systems. According to the reinforcement theory, the Internet only benefits the elites despite its features of openness and decentralization; as a result, biases may still exist and even worsen. On the other hand, scholars who propose the “time replacement” theory believe that the time spent on participating in real-world activities is replaced by the time spent online, and this inevitably puts a loss on people’s social capital. Consequently, Internet usage has negative effects on social and political participation.
All three above theories are supported by past studies, and there are sufficient findings on the variables that predicted political participation. But a discussion about the correlations between those factors is still lacking. As an attempt to reveal the correlation between the patterns of Internet usage and election related activities, a phone survey was conducted with 1,434 individuals in Taipei City, New Taipei City and Kaohsiung City who are 20-years of age and above.
The findings indicate whether one accesses to the Internet or not does not predict one’s participation in voting, and a further analysis of different patterns of Internet usage is required.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0914515041 |
| Creators | 吳淑俊, Wu, Shwu Jiunn |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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