牛樟芝 (Antrodia camphorata; AC) 為台灣特有的藥用真菌,是常見的傳統 中藥,富含三萜類化合物及多醣體。本研究使用牛樟芝、葛花、枳椇子與山楂共 四種萃取物製成之牛樟芝複方飲品 (A. camphorate drink, ACD)為原料,評估此一 複方飲品之抗疲勞功效。本研究從運動表現、疲勞生化指標、肌肉損傷生化指數 以及能量儲存等做為抗疲勞評估標準。將 5 週齡雄性 ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) 小鼠,分為三組,每組各 10 隻,分組如下:(1) 對照組 (vehicle, V); (2) 餵食 15.625 mL/kg 牛樟芝複方飲品 (ACD-1X);(3) 餵食 31.25 mL/kg 牛樟芝 複方飲品 (ACD-2X),連續經口餵食 28 天後進行以下試驗: 1. 測試小鼠前肢抓 力、2. 測試 5%負重游泳力竭時間、3. 進行游泳運動 15 分鐘後立即進行採血觀 察乳酸、血氨、血糖及肌酸激酶、4. 小鼠犧牲後,採集肝臟及肌肉組織進行肝醣 分析與切片。結果顯示,ACD-1X 組 (1124 g) 與 ACD-2X 組 (125 6 g) 在前肢 抓力與對照組 (95 6 g) 相比,分別顯著提升 1.19 與 1.32 倍 (p < 0.05)。ACD-1X 組 (56.714.3 min) 與 ACD-2X 組 (60.717.7 min) 在游泳力竭時間與對照組 (18.23.7 min) 比較分別延長 3.12 及 3.34 倍,均有顯著差異 (p < 0.05)。游泳運 動結束後,ACD-1X 組與 ACD-2X 組之乳酸、血氨及肌酸肌酶均顯著低於對照組 (p < 0.05),而血糖方面則顯著高於對照組(p < 0.05)。肌肉肝醣部分,ACD-1X 組 (1.79 ± 0.12 mg/g) 與 ACD-2X 組 (2.36 ± 0.21 mg/g) 相較於對照組 (1.54 ± 0.06 mg/g),2倍牛樟芝複方飲品組顯著提升1.53倍。肝臟肝醣部分,ACD-1X組 (48.9± 4.1 mg/g) 與 ACD-2X 組 (54.1 ± 5.8 mg/g) 與對照組 (27.0 ± 2.4 mg/g) 比較分別 增加 1.18 及 2.00 倍。研究結果顯示,牛樟芝複方飲品具有增加肝臟及肌肉組織 中的肝醣儲存量,且在游泳運動過程中降低血乳酸、血氨及肌酸激酶的產生。進 一步延長負重游泳力竭的時間及前肢抓力表現。因此,本研究證實牛樟芝複方飲 品具有抗疲勞及提升運動表現之功效。 / Antrodia camphorata is an endemic medical mushroom in Taiwan and has been reported to have multi-biological activities such as anti-fatigue, liver protection, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation. This study was designed to ascertain the ergogenic and anti-fatigue properties of an A. camphorata drink (ACD) (comprising A. camphorata, Pueraria flos flowers, Hovenia dulcis Thunb, and Crataegus pinnatifida) by forelimb grip strength, load-weighted swimming test, and biochemical examinations in mouse model. Thirty male ICR mice (5-week-old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group): (1) vehicle; (2) a recommended dosage of 15 mg per 75 mL once per day for adult human (ACD-1X); (3) a 2-fold of recommended usage for adult human (ACD-2X). Mice were given orally either vehicle or A. camphorate drink by gavage for 28 days. The groups ACD-1X and ACD-2X showed significant increases in forelimb grip strength, swimming time to exhaustion skeletal, and muscle glycogen as compared to the vehicle group. Blood lactate and ammonia levels in the ACD-1X and ACD-2X groups were significantly lower than in the vehicle group post a swimming test. Moreover, the activity of plasma creatine kinase (CK), a marker of muscular damage, was significantly decreased in the ACD-1X and ACD-2X groups than vehicle group after swimming exercise. These results suggest that A. camphoratahas great potential for application in relevant fields for its ergogenic and anti-fatigue activities. / 第一章 緒論 .........................................................................................................................1
第一節 研究目的..............................................................................................................2
第二章 文獻探討 .................................................................................................................3
第一節 牛樟芝成份及相關研究......................................................................................3
第二節 葛花成份及相關研究..........................................................................................6
第三節 枳椇子成份及相關研究......................................................................................7
第四節 山楂成份及相關研究..........................................................................................8
第五節 運動與疲勞..........................................................................................................9
第三章 材料與方法 ...........................................................................................................12
第一節 實驗測試樣品....................................................................................................12
第二節 實驗動物之飼養與實驗流程............................................................................14
第三節 血液與組織樣本之收集與前處理....................................................................16
第四節 統計分析............................................................................................................17
第四章 結果與討論 ...........................................................................................................18
第一節 補充牛樟芝複方飲品對於小鼠游泳運動能力表現之測試............................18
第二節 補充牛樟芝複方飲品對於小鼠游泳運動後血液中乳酸、血氨、血糖濃 度以及 CK 活性之分析..................................................................................................19
第三節 補充牛樟芝複方飲品對於小鼠前肢抓力表現之測試....................................20
第四節 補充牛樟芝複方飲品對於小鼠肌肉與肝臟部位肝醣含量之分析................21
第五章 結論 .......................................................................................................................22
參考文獻.............................................................................................................31
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TW/102NCPE0743011 |
| Date | January 1900 |
| Creators | 劉仁溥, Ren-Pu Liu |
| Contributors | 黃啟彰, Chi-Chang Huang |
| Publisher | 國立體育大學, 運動與健康科學學院 |
| Source Sets | National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | 碩士 |
| Format | 45 |
| Relation | 唐禮可。山楂多糖抗疲勞作用實驗研究。2008。雲南中醫中藥雜誌。第29卷。第2期。 賴學鴻、劉佳、楊楊。枸杞山楂抗運動疲勞能力的實驗觀察。2012。南陽理工學院學報 (04), 114-119。 Allen, D. G., Lamb, G. D., & Westerblad, H. (2008). Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms. Physiological Reviews, 88(1), 287-332. Arisawa, M., Fujita, A., Saga, M., Fukumura, H., Hayashi, T., Shimizu, M., & Morita, N. (1986). Three new lanostanoids from Ganoderma lucidum.Journal of Natural Products, 49(4), 621-625. Bae, E. A., Han, M. J., & Kim, D. H. (2001). In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of irisolidone isolated from the flowers and rhizomes of Pueraria thunbergiana. Planta Medica, 67(2), 161-163. Banister, E. W., & Cameron, B. J. (1990). Exercise-induced hyperammonemia: peripheral and central effects. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 11 Suppl 2, S129-142. Bergstrom, J., Hermansen, L., Hultman, E., & Saltin, B. (1967). Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 71(2), 140-150. Bernatoniene, J., Masteikova, R., Majiene, D., Savickas, A., Kevelaitis, E., &Bernatoniene, R., et al. (2008). Free radical-scavenging activities of Crataegus monogyna extracts. Medicina (Kaunas), 44(9), 706-712. Bertocci, L. A., Fleckenstein, J. L., & Antonio, J. (1992). Human muscle fatigue after glycogen depletion: a 31P magnetic resonance study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 73(1), 75-81. Brancaccio, P., Maffulli, N., & Limongelli, F. M. (2007). Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine.British Medical Bulletin, 81-82, 209-230. Broberg, S., & Sahlin, K. (1989). Adenine nucleotide degradation in human skeletal muscle during prolonged exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 67(1), 116-122. Cairns, S. P. (2006). Lactic acid and exercise performance : culprit or friend? Sports Medicine, 36(4), 279-291. Capasso, R., Aviello, G., Romano, B., Atorino, G., Pagano, E., &Borrelli, F. (2009). Inhibitory effect of quercetin on rat trachea contractility in vitro. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 61(1), 115-119. Chamberland, V., & Rioux, P. (2010). Not only students can express alcohol dehydrogenase: goldfish can too! Advances in Physiology Education, 34(4), 222-227. Chang, C. Y., Huang, Z. N., Yu, H. H., Chang, L. H., Li, S. L., Chen, Y. P., Chuu, J. J. (2008). The adjuvant effects of Antrodia Camphorata extracts combined with anti-tumor agents on multidrug resistant human hepatoma cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 118(3), 387-395. Chang, T. T., & Chou, W. N. (1995). Antrodia cinnamomea sp. nov. on Cinnamomum kanehirai in Taiwan. Mycological Research, 99(6), 756-758. Chen, Y. J., Cheng, P. C., Lin, C. N., Liao, H. F., Chen, Y. Y., &Chen, C. C., et al. (2008). Polysaccharides from Antrodia camphorata mycelia extracts possess immunomodulatory activity and inhibits infection of Schistosoma mansoni. International Immunopharmacology, 8(3), 458-467. Chen, Y. J., Chou, C. J., & Chang, T. T. (2009). Compound MMH01 possesses toxicity against human leukemia and pancreatic cancer cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 23(3), 418-424. Chen, Y. S., Pan, J. H., Chiang, B. H., Lu, F. J., & Sheen, L. Y. (2008).Ethanolic extracts of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia fermented at varied times and scales have differential effects on hepatoma cells and normal primary hepatocytes. Journal of Food Science, 73(7), H179-H185. Choi, J., Shin, M. H., Park, K. Y., Lee, K. T., Jung, H. J., &Lee, M. S., et al. (2004). Effect of kaikasaponin III obtained from Pueraria thunbergiana flowers on serum and hepatic lipid peroxides and tissue factor activity in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.Journal of Medicinal Food, 7(1), 31-37. Chuang, H. L., Huang, Y. T., Chiu, C. C., Liao, C. D., Hsu, F. L., &Huang, C. C.,et al. (2011). Metabolomics characterization of energy metabolism reveals glycogen accumulation in gut-microbiota-lacking mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 23(7), 752-8, doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.019. Davis, J. M., & Bailey, S. P. (1997). Possible mechanisms of central nervous system fatigue during exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(1), 45-57. Edwards, J. E., Brown, P. N., Talent, N., Dickinson, T. A., & Shipley, P. R. (2012). A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus. Phytochemistry, 79, 5-26. Eriksson, L. S., Broberg, S., Bjorkman, O., & Wahren, J. (1985). Ammonia metabolism during exercise in man. Clinical Physiology, 5(4), 325-336. Graham, T. E. (1994). Exercise-induced hyperammonemia: skeletal muscle ammonia metabolism and the peripheral and central effects. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 368, 181-195. Han, H. F., Nakamura, N., Zuo, F., Hirakawa, A., Yokozawa, T., & Hattori, M. (2006). Protective effects of a neutral polysaccharide isolated from the mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea on Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide induced hepatic injury in mice. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 54(4), 496-500. Han, H. F., Nakamura, N., Zuo, F., Hirakawa, A., Yokozawa, T., & Hattori, M. (2006). Protective effects of a neutral polysaccharide isolated from the mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea on Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide induced hepatic injury in mice. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo), 54(4), 496-500. Hseu, Y. C., Chang, W. C., Hseu, Y. T., Lee, C. Y., Yech, Y. J., Chen, P. C., Yang, H. L. (2002). Protection of oxidative damage by aqueous extract from Antrodia camphorata mycelia in normal human erythrocytes. Life Science,71(4), 469-482. Hseu, Y. C., Chen, S. C., Chen, H. C., Liao, J. W., & Yang, H. L. (2008). Antrodia camphorata inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(8), 2680-2688. Hsu, Y. L., Kuo, P. L., Cho, C. Y., Ni, W. C., Tzeng, T. F., &Ng, L. T., et al. (2007). Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting bodies extract suppresses the invasive potential of human liver cancer cell line PLC/PRF/5 through inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB pathway. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(7), 1249-1257. Hsu, Y.L., Kuo, P.L., Cho, C.Y., Ni, W.C., Tzeng, T.F., Ng, L.T., Lin, C.C. (2007). Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting bodies extract suppresses the invasive potential of human liver cancer cell line PLC/PRF/5 through inhibition of nuclear factor κB pathway. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(7), 1249-1257. Hu, M., Zeng, W., & Tomlinson, B. (2014). Evaluation of a crataegus-based multiherb formula for dyslipidemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 365742. Huang CC, Hsu MC, Huang WC, Yang HR, &Hou CC. (2012). Triterpenoid-rich extract from Antrodia camphorata improves physical fatigue and exercise performance in mice. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 364741. Huang, C. C., Lo, C. P., Chiu, C. Y., & Shyur, L. F. (2010). Deoxyelephantopin, a novel multifunctional agent, suppresses mammary tumour growth and lung metastasis and doubles survival time in mice. British Journal of Pharmacology, 159(4), 856-871. Huang, T. T., Wu, S. P., Chong, K. Y., Ojcius, D. M., Ko, Y. F., &Wu, Y. H., et al. (2014). The medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea suppresses inflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155(1), 154-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.053. Huang, W. C., Lin, C. I., Chiu, C. C,, Lin, Y. T., Huang, W. K., &Huang, H. Y., et al. (2014). Chicken essence improves exercise performance and ameliorates physical fatigue.Nutrients, 6(7), 2681-96. doi: 10.3390/nu6072681. Itoh, H., & Ohkuwa, T. (1990). Peak blood ammonia and lactate after submaximal, maximal and supramaximal exercise in sprinters and long-distance runners. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 60(4), 271-276. Ji, Y., Chen S., Zhang K.,&Wang W. (2002). Effects of Hoveniadulcis Thunb. on blood sugar and hepatic glycogen in diabetic mice. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 25, 190-191. Karlsson, J., & Saltin, B. (1971). Diet, muscle glycogen, and endurance performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 31(2), 203-206. Kim, C., Shin, S., Ha, H., & Kim, J. M. (2003). Study of substance changes in flowers of Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. during storage. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 26(3), 210-213. Kuo, D. H., Yeh, C. H., Shieh, P. C., Cheng, K. C., Chen, F. A., & Cheng, J. T. (2009). Effect of shanzha, a Chinese herbal product, on obesity and dyslipidemia in hamsters receiving high-fat diet. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124(3), 544-550. Kuo, P.L., Hsu, Y.L., Cho, C.Y., Ng, L.T., Kuo, Y.H., & Lin, C.C. (2006). Apoptotic effects of Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting bodies extract are mediated through calcium and calpain-dependent pathways in Hep 3B cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(8), 1316-1326. Lee, H. W., Choo, M. K., Bae, E. A., & Kim, D. H. (2003). Beta-glucuronidase inhibitor tectorigenin isolated from the flower of Pueraria thunbergiana protects carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Liver International, 23(4), 221-226. Lee, I. H., Huang, R. L., Chen, C. T., Chen, H. C., Hsu, W. C., & Lu, M. K. (2002). Antrodia camphorata polysaccharides exhibit anti-hepatitis B virus effects. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 209(1), 63-67. Li, G., Min B.S., Zheng C., Lee J., Oh S.R., &AhnK. S., et al. (2005). Neuroprotective and free radical scavenging activities of phenolic compounds from Hoveniadulcis. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 28, 804-809. Lin, S. Y., Sheen, L. Y., Chiang, B. H., Yang, J. S., Pan, J. H., & Chang, Y. H., et al. (2010). Dietary effect of Antrodia Camphorate extracts on immune responses in WEHI-3 leukemia BALB/c mice. Nutrue Cancer, 62(5), 593-600. doi: 10.1080/01635580903532341. Lin, Y. W., Pan, J. H., Liu, R. H., Kuo, Y. H., Sheen, L. Y., & Chiang, B. H. (2010). The 4-acetylantroquinonol B isolated from mycelium of Antrodi acinnamomea inhibits proliferation of hepatoma cells.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(10), 1739-1744 Liu, D.-Z., Liang, Y.-C., Lin, S.-Y., Lin, Y.-S., Wu, W.-C., Hou, W.-C., & Su, C.-H. (2007). Antihypertensive Activities of a Solid-State Culture of Taiwan fungus camphoratus (Chang-Chih) in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 71(1), 23-30. Lo, P. Y., & Dudley, G. A. (1987). Endurance training reduces the magnitude of exercise-induced hyperammonemia in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 62(3), 1227-1230. Lou, Z. C., &Xiao, P. G. Commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. In: Qian XZ, editor. Colored illustrated book of Chinese Materia Medica. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House; 1995. Lowenstein, J. M. (1972). Ammonia production in muscle and other tissues: the purine nucleotide cycle. Physiological Reviews, 52(2), 382-414. Lu, Z. M., Tao, W. Y., Zou, X. L., Fu, H. Z., & Ao, Z. H. (2007). Protective effects of mycelia of Antrodia camphorata and Armillariella tabescens in submerged culture against ethanol-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Journal Ethnopharmacology, 110(1), 160-164. Mahato, S. B., Nandy, A. K., & Roy, G. (1992). Triterpenoids. Phytochemistry, 31(7), 2199-2149. Moers, M. E. C., Jones, D. M., Eakin, P. A., Fallick, A. E., Griffiths, H., & Larter, S. R. (1993). Carbohydrate diagenesis in hypersaline environments: application of GC-IRMS to the stable isotope analysis of derivatized saccharides from surficial and buried sediments. Organic Geochemistry, 20(7), 927-933. Mutch, B. J., & Banister, E. W. (1983). Ammonia metabolism in exercise and fatigue: a review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,15(1), 41-50. Na, C. S., Yoon, S. Y., Kim, J. B., Na, D. S., Dong, M. S., &Lee, M. Y., et al. (2013). Anti-fatigue activity of Hoveniadulcis on a swimming mouse model through the inhibition of stress hormone expression and antioxidation. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 41(4), 945-955. Patwardhan, B., Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, N. (2005). Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine: a comparative overview. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2(4), 465-473. Qi, J., Tao, Y., Zhang, J., &Fu, J. (2014). Effect of Antrodia cinnamomea on gene expression related to aortal endothelial injury in rats with hyperlipidemia. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi., 39(9), 1670-4. Stainsby, W. N. (1986). Biochemical and physiological bases for lactate production. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 18(3), 341-343. Stamford, B. A., Weltman, A., Moffatt, R., & Sady, S. (1981). Exercise recovery above and below anaerobic threshold following maximal work. Journal of Applied Physiology, 51(4), 840-844. Tuttle, J. L., Potteiger, J. A., Evans, B. W., & Ozmun, J. C. (1995). Effect of acute potassium-magnesium aspartate supplementation on ammonia concentrations during and after resistance training.International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 5(2), 102-109. Vierling, W., Brand, N., Gaedcke, F., Sensch, K. H., Schneider, E., &Scholz, M. (2003). Investigation of the pharmaceutical and pharmacological equivalence of different Hawthorn extracts.Phytomedicine, 10(1), 8-16. Wang, J., Xiong, X., & Feng, B. (2013). Effect of crataegus usage in cardiovascular disease prevention: an evidence-based approach. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2013, 149363. Wang, M., Zhu P., Jiang C., Ma L., Zhang Z.,&Zeng, X. (2012). Preliminary characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro and hepatoprotective effect on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice of polysaccharides from the peduncles of Hoveniadulcis. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 2964-2970. Weiner, M. W., Moussavi, R. S., Baker, A. J., Boska, M. D., & Miller, R. G. (1990). Constant relationships between force, phosphate concentration, and pH in muscles with differential fatigability. Neurology, 40(12), 1888-1893. Xiang, J., Zhu W., Li Z.,&Ling S. (2012). Effect of juice and fermented vinegar from Hoveniadulcis peduncles on chronically alcohol-induced liver damage in mice. Food & Function, 3, 628-634. Zhang, Z., Ho, W. K., Huang, Y., James, A. E., Lam, L. W., & Chen, Z. Y. (2002). Hawthorn fruit is hypolipidemic in rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet. Journal of Nutrition, 132(1), 5-10. |
Page generated in 0.0112 seconds