性別與家庭照顧議題在當今已越來越受到重視，現代化改變了傳統家庭照顧的模式與內容，家庭照顧如今已非理所當然能負荷之能力。照顧工作究竟該交由社會機構正式照顧或者是家庭非正式照顧，受限於資源缺乏和傳統觀念、社會壓力下，一直是照顧者左右為難的問題。許多與照顧議題相關之文獻也反映出，照顧工作會出現壓力與疲勞問題，就業與勞動形式是其中影響重大的變項，與多數針對照顧者所進行的研究調查相較，本文的研究對象係我國之受僱者，使用次級資料分析法，進行量化統計分析，對受僱者承擔照顧責任之疲勞與壓力狀況作一真實呈現。本研究發現，主要照顧者較非主要照顧者有工作壓力的機率較高、疲勞程度也較大；照顧對象的不同對主要照顧者而言，工作壓力和疲勞程度沒有顯著不同。最後本文依據研究結果提出改善家庭照顧者工作壓力和疲勞的幾點建議。

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牛樟芝 (Antrodia camphorata; AC) 為台灣特有的藥用真菌,是常見的傳統 中藥,富含三萜類化合物及多醣體。本研究使用牛樟芝、葛花、枳椇子與山楂共 四種萃取物製成之牛樟芝複方飲品 (A. camphorate drink, ACD)為原料,評估此一 複方飲品之抗疲勞功效。本研究從運動表現、疲勞生化指標、肌肉損傷生化指數 以及能量儲存等做為抗疲勞評估標準。將 5 週齡雄性 ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) 小鼠,分為三組,每組各 10 隻,分組如下:(1) 對照組 (vehicle, V); (2) 餵食 15.625 mL/kg 牛樟芝複方飲品 (ACD-1X);(3) 餵食 31.25 mL/kg 牛樟芝 複方飲品 (ACD-2X),連續經口餵食 28 天後進行以下試驗: 1. 測試小鼠前肢抓 力、2. 測試 5%負重游泳力竭時間、3. 進行游泳運動 15 分鐘後立即進行採血觀 察乳酸、血氨、血糖及肌酸激酶、4. 小鼠犧牲後,採集肝臟及肌肉組織進行肝醣 分析與切片。結果顯示,ACD-1X 組 (1124 g) 與 ACD-2X 組 (125 6 g) 在前肢 抓力與對照組 (95 6 g) 相比,分別顯著提升 1.19 與 1.32 倍 (p < 0.05)。ACD-1X 組 (56.714.3 min) 與 ACD-2X 組 (60.717.7 min) 在游泳力竭時間與對照組 (18.23.7 min) 比較分別延長 3.12 及 3.34 倍,均有顯著差異 (p < 0.05)。游泳運 動結束後,ACD-1X 組與 ACD-2X 組之乳酸、血氨及肌酸肌酶均顯著低於對照組 (p < 0.05),而血糖方面則顯著高於對照組(p < 0.05)。肌肉肝醣部分,ACD-1X 組 (1.79 ± 0.12 mg/g) 與 ACD-2X 組 (2.36 ± 0.21 mg/g) 相較於對照組 (1.54 ± 0.06 mg/g),2倍牛樟芝複方飲品組顯著提升1.53倍。肝臟肝醣部分,ACD-1X組 (48.9± 4.1 mg/g) 與 ACD-2X 組 (54.1 ± 5.8 mg/g) 與對照組 (27.0 ± 2.4 mg/g) 比較分別 增加 1.18 及 2.00 倍。研究結果顯示,牛樟芝複方飲品具有增加肝臟及肌肉組織 中的肝醣儲存量,且在游泳運動過程中降低血乳酸、血氨及肌酸激酶的產生。進 一步延長負重游泳力竭的時間及前肢抓力表現。因此,本研究證實牛樟芝複方飲 品具有抗疲勞及提升運動表現之功效。 / Antrodia camphorata is an endemic medical mushroom in Taiwan and has been reported to have multi-biological activities such as anti-fatigue, liver protection, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation. This study was designed to ascertain the ergogenic and anti-fatigue properties of an A. camphorata drink (ACD) (comprising A. camphorata, Pueraria flos flowers, Hovenia dulcis Thunb, and Crataegus pinnatifida) by forelimb grip strength, load-weighted swimming test, and biochemical examinations in mouse model. Thirty male ICR mice (5-week-old) were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group): (1) vehicle; (2) a recommended dosage of 15 mg per 75 mL once per day for adult human (ACD-1X); (3) a 2-fold of recommended usage for adult human (ACD-2X). Mice were given orally either vehicle or A. camphorate drink by gavage for 28 days. The groups ACD-1X and ACD-2X showed significant increases in forelimb grip strength, swimming time to exhaustion skeletal, and muscle glycogen as compared to the vehicle group. Blood lactate and ammonia levels in the ACD-1X and ACD-2X groups were significantly lower than in the vehicle group post a swimming test. Moreover, the activity of plasma creatine kinase (CK), a marker of muscular damage, was significantly decreased in the ACD-1X and ACD-2X groups than vehicle group after swimming exercise. These results suggest that A. camphoratahas great potential for application in relevant fields for its ergogenic and anti-fatigue activities. / 第一章 緒論 .........................................................................................................................1 第一節 研究目的..............................................................................................................2 第二章 文獻探討 .................................................................................................................3 第一節 牛樟芝成份及相關研究......................................................................................3 第二節 葛花成份及相關研究..........................................................................................6 第三節 枳椇子成份及相關研究......................................................................................7 第四節 山楂成份及相關研究..........................................................................................8 第五節 運動與疲勞..........................................................................................................9 第三章 材料與方法 ...........................................................................................................12 第一節 實驗測試樣品....................................................................................................12 第二節 實驗動物之飼養與實驗流程............................................................................14 第三節 血液與組織樣本之收集與前處理....................................................................16 第四節 統計分析............................................................................................................17 第四章 結果與討論 ...........................................................................................................18 第一節 補充牛樟芝複方飲品對於小鼠游泳運動能力表現之測試............................18 第二節 補充牛樟芝複方飲品對於小鼠游泳運動後血液中乳酸、血氨、血糖濃 度以及 CK 活性之分析..................................................................................................19 第三節 補充牛樟芝複方飲品對於小鼠前肢抓力表現之測試....................................20 第四節 補充牛樟芝複方飲品對於小鼠肌肉與肝臟部位肝醣含量之分析................21 第五章 結論 .......................................................................................................................22 參考文獻.............................................................................................................31

在現今多工、多角色而多刺激的工作環境中，人與人因為頻繁的接觸，使得部屬的情緒問題及其影響愈來愈受到組織所重視，其中，主管情緒協助扮演的角色舉足輕重，如何透過主管的行為影響部屬，進而影響整個組織，對管理意涵而言尤其重要。立基於過去情緒協助研究的認知概念，並以資源保存理論的觀點為基礎，本研究探討主管情緒協助的行為層面的內涵與分類，是如何保存與增加部屬的個人資源，而透過資源的變動，對部屬的主觀幸福感與工作疲勞狀況所產生的影響，另外，根據廣義的社會衝擊理論，試圖理解部屬權力距離傾向可能扮演的調節角色。本研究將採問卷調查法施測，第一階段共回收226份問卷，第二階段發放給226位第一階段的填答者，共回收線上問卷152份，因此，共回收有效線上問卷152份，有效回收率約為67%，研究結果顯示，在高部屬權力距離傾向調節的情況下，主管情緒協助會降低個人資源，使其主觀幸福感降低、工作疲勞上升，而在低部屬權力距離傾向調節的情況下，主管情緒協助會提升個人資源，使其主觀幸福感上升、工作疲勞降低。最後，本研究針對研究結果進行討論，並對理論貢獻、實務意涵、研究限制，以及未來研究方向加以闡述。 / The working environments nowadays are multi-work, multi-role and multi-stimulation. The emotion issue of employees is held in high regard today for organizations since people get in touch with each other more frequently. Among them, supervisors’ emotion helping plays an important role in this situation. Moreover, how supervisors’ behaviors affect subordinates, followed by the impact on organization is crucial when it comes to leadership. Based on pervious cognitive knowledge of emotion helping related studies and conservation of resources theory, the main focus of this research is to examine whether supervisors’ emotion helping behaviors are associated with personal resources and the distinctive mediating mechanisms that may explain subordinates’ subjective well being and work fatigue, as well as the classification of emotion helping behaviors. Furthermore, understanding the moderating role of power distance orientation according to broad social impact theory. This study is conducted by questionnaire survey and received 152 replies from subordinates. The results indicated that personal resources mediated the relationship between emotion helping – subjective well-being and emotion helping – work fatigue while subordinate power distance orientation play a moderated role between emotion helping and personal resources. This study contributing to the implications for organizational researches and managerial practices. Furthermore, limitation and future direction were being discussed at the end of this paper.