近年來隨著科技進步以及傳媒興盛，文化創作已非少數專業作者之權利，一般大眾得藉由網路、新聞等媒介進行個人創作。日本的｢同人文化｣即為其中代表之一，所謂「同人誌」，係指原創作品的愛好者於未授權的狀態下，藉資訊技術，改編、混合或以原作品設定為基礎進行衍生創作，這些創作可能帶有補完原創作不足劇情之目的、惡搞或諷刺之目的。同人作者通常對於原作抱持著「稱讚或崇拜」的態度，而非企圖以自己之再創作和原作進行市場競爭，且同人作家之再創作，有時可為原作帶來更高之經濟及文化利益。
然而，同人行為以及同人誌在其內容以及行為模式上，均可能涉及著作權侵權問題，以著作人格權為例，同人誌可能侵害「禁止不當改作權」、「姓名表示權」；以著作財產權為例，同人誌所面臨者，係同人誌行為可能侵害「重製權」以及「衍生著作權」，但由於同人誌之高度經濟效益，亦有美日學者提出同人誌應得就其經濟優勢主張「合理使用」；除此之外，同人誌「借用原作角色和背景設定」之行為，同時也涉及美國法所謂「角色著作權」爭議問題。另外，同人誌本身亦為一種著作作品，惟此種未獲得同意之衍生創作，是否得以合法地取得新的著作權？
本文將先從同人誌的產生及其經濟效益為始，講解為何目前同人誌發源地--日本，對同人誌之發展採取何種態度。第三章至第五章則就著作權法法規面，先行說明與同人誌相關之著作權法規定和法學理論，進而以美、日以及我國實務判決，釐清同人誌與著作人格權、著作財產權的交集，試圖釐清同人誌在著作權法中之定位。第六章係以近來同人誌地位最具威脅性之爭議問題- -TPP協約，推測未來同人誌產業可能之走向若未來日本簽暑該條約後將對日本同人誌產業和其他國家的同人誌產業造成衝擊。
最後，本文將總結同人誌在著作人格權及著作財產權面臨之侵權爭議，依照本文所引用之外國判例或實務見解，試圖提出使同人誌合法之方式，盼能藉此維護同人產業和相關動漫產業的持續發展。 / In recent years, because of the rapid development of digital technologies, everyone can be a creator and easily public his or her work online. The “doujin-activities”(also called “fan-based activities” in American) originating from Japan has provided a good example of how ordinary people can become creators participating in the free culture.Most famous doujin-activities is “doujinshi” , which is associated with the preparation of derivative works without authors’ permission.Most doujinshi creators involve in the activities in order to show their respect of the original works. The aim of these doujin-activities is to create mocks, or parodies of the original work, or to complete the original story.
Nonetheless, these fan-based creators have exposed themselves to great extent of copyright infringement. For example, doujinsi may infringes author’s moral right, like “the right to claim the authorship of works” and “the right of integrity”. Moreover, because doujinshi is an unauthorized derivative work, it could infringe author’s property right.However, due to the huge economic interest behind doujinshi, a lot of copyright scholars claim that doujinsi should apply to fair use doctine. By the way,because doujinshi is a work that “borrow characters “from a story, it also face a controversy- -whether a character should be protect by copyright or not? Considering doujinshi is an unauthorized derivative work,can this work be protect by copyright?
This research will introduce the problems above. Chapter 2 introduced the origin of doujinshi, and try to explain why the birthland,Japan tolerate the development of doujinshi.Chapter 3 to Chapter 5 introduced the copyright issues which is relevant to doujinshi. Chapter 6 analysis the future of doujinshi.Finally,after discussing the copyright issues about doujinshi,this research provide certain suggestion and try to let doujinshi legalized.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0098361012 |
| Creators | 盧美慈, Lu, Mei Tsu |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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