本論文所針對者乃海岸開發觀光建設之議題，旨在透過深入了解政府對於一般海岸土地上大型觀光建設之環境影響與土地開發的審議機關、程序和審議標準，以發現此類開發所引發之衝突爭議及解決機制。本論文將把焦點集中於開發面積10公頃以上、位於一般海岸土地之大型觀光建設的環境管制與土地開發相關議題，並以永續觀光的角度檢討目前實務上的缺失。
本論文主要研究發現如下：
一、永續發展與永續觀光的意義與價值
永續發展與永續觀光概念最重要的價值在於對環境、社會與經濟三者間的互動提供了一個重新思考的方向，點出三者平衡發展的必要性、可能性以及為生活帶來的美好遠景，同時也開拓國家發展的總體格局。
二、海岸觀光的特性與相關開發建設應有規範
海岸地區具有複雜性、多元利用性和脆弱性等三大特性，因此海岸觀光可能對環境和社會造成負面衝擊，須以具「彈性」為原則並具備在海岸地區彈性地處理自然動態與社會動態的能力，由氣候、生態資源、地理資源、人文、土地承載力以及政策、組織、管制措施、法規共同型塑出規範架構。
三、環境管制—環境影響評估的制度與審査機制、審査標準及其檢討
我國以環境影響評估制度作為各項開發行為的主要環境管制機制，並以由機關代表以及專家學者組成的環評會為主要管制者。相關評估標準包括了直接影響自然環境者、直接影響社經環境者以及其他等三種。目前最大問題在於參與機會和資訊提供有所不足以及多元評估未能有效整合兩方面，並有制度在運用上標準不一與受特定因素影響而偏頗的闕漏。
四、土地開發管制—土地開發審査制度與機制、審査標準及其檢討
未來海岸土地的開發建設尤須注意到非都市土地的相關管制，無論位於都市或非都市地區，海岸觀光開發的土地開發審議都將面臨是否以觀光為最適當或最有利的土地使用方式，以及開發的「規模設定」或稱「總量管制」的問題，海岸的特殊性質並突顯了土地開發管制與環境影響管制間妥善配合的必要性。
五、永續觀光在大型海岸觀光建設的體現
永續觀光和大型海岸觀光建設的結合與協調，有賴環境管制和土地開發管制的功能發揮與彼此合作，核心工作在於透過這兩個管制體系來建立與維持海岸觀光所須具備的「彈性」。大型海岸觀光建設應以社會正義、環境正義與經濟發展的兼容並蓄與共同成長為最終的目標。
最後，針對論文的研究成果對政策、制度設計、政府機關、審查者以及一般民眾提出相關建議，並說明後續研究可努力之方向。 / This study focuses on the issue of tourist development and construction on costal areas, and aims to find involved controversies and possible resolution by understanding the regulations, procedures and standards of scrutiny the government takes. The study considers only large tourist constructions that are greater than 10 hectares in dimension and located in ordinary coastal areas. The paper then concludes with the discussion of practical problems faced by tourist development via sustainable developmental perspective.
Main findings of this study are following:
1. The meaning and value of sustainable development and sustainable tourism:
The most important value of sustainable development and sustainable tourism is providing a whole new direction to think about the interaction between environment, society and economy. It is crucial to seek a balance within the three elements and to expand the scale of a country’s development.
2. Attributes and regulations of coastal tourism:
Three main attributes of coastal areas are complexity, various utility and vulnerability. Thus there may be negative environmental and social impacts resulted from coastal tourism. Flexibility is the rule to get capacities to manage natural and social dynamics. Climate, ecological resources, geographical resources, culture, carrying capacity of land, policies, organizations, regulations and legislations are all components of regulatory framework.
3. Environmental regulation—the institution, regime, scrutiny standards and discussion of Environmental Impact Assessment:
As the main environmental regulatory regime of all development behavior in Taiwan, Environmental Impact Assessment is composed of institutional representatives and professionals. Standards of this assessment are divided into three categories: the ones affecting natural environment directly, the ones affecting socio-economic environment directly and others. Most serious problems are the lack of participant opportunities and information, and the poor integration of diverse assessment methods. On the other hand, uneven scrutiny standards and the bias of scrutiny are also loopholes that need to be concerned.
4. Land-use regulation—the institution, regime, scrutiny standards and discussion of land-use regulation:
Future coastal constructions should pay special attentions to the non-urban-land regulations. In either urban or non-urban area, the land-use scrutiny of costal tourism will inevitably face the question of whether or not the area has been used in the most suitable and profitable way to promote tourist development and the problem of amount-regulation. At the same time, the attributes of coastal areas highlight the necessity for land-use and environmental regulations to coordinate appropriately.
5. The embodiment of sustainable tourism in large costal tourist constructions:
The combination and coordination between sustainable tourism and large costal tourist constructions rely on the collaboration of environmental and land-use regulations. The focal point is to establish and maintain “flexibility” via the two regulatory systems. The goal of large costal tourist constructions should be the aggregation of social justice, environmental justice and economic development.
Lastly, suggestions for policies, regime design, governmental institutions, supervisors and the public are made with a proposal of possible research directions in the future.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0093256011 |
| Creators | 馮嘉柔, Ferng, Jia Rou |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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