本研究從語用學的角度探討荒謬劇「等待果陀」（Waiting for Godot）中種種的語言脫序現象。荒謬劇作家將戲劇形式以及內容結合起來表達荒謬的主題，並不再視語言為能夠承載意義的工具，因此「等待果陀」中充滿了違背一般日常語言使用規則的脫序現象。本文運用語用學理論規則來分析劇中人物的對話，並將其分門別類以及計算數量，以達到探究「等待果陀」的作者貝克特（Samuel Beckett）在劇中製造荒謬效果的主要語言策略。
雖然「等待果陀」充滿了脫序的語言使用，但是讀者和觀眾們依然能夠閱讀、欣賞，進而評論以及解讀這齣荒謬劇。但是在日常對話中，脫序的語言使用卻往往意味著溝通的失敗。這顯示人們在一般日常溝通和文學批評解讀中運用不同的語用原則。然而，語用學在文學批評解讀上的著墨卻極少，也無法解釋為何讀者觀眾在面對脫序的語言對話時仍有能力解讀。因此，本文提出新的語用原則－持續原則（The persistence principle）－來解釋此一現象，並架構一個文學解讀的模型來闡述文學批評解讀與日常對話的基本差異。 / The present study analyzes the language use of Waiting for Godot from the pragmatic point of view. The absurd playwrights combine the form and content of play to convey the theme of absurdity, and do not trust language as a reliable vehicle to convey meaning. Therefore, the conversations of Waiting for Godot are filled with disordered and incoherent language use. The present study analyzes the conversations of the play with pragmatic principles, and categorizes the language uses in terms of the types of violation cases. In addition, the violation cases are calculated in order to reveal the main strategy that Samuel Beckett adopts for constructing the dramatic effect of absurdity.
Surprisingly, the readers and audiences of Waiting for Godot could still appreciate and interpret the play even though the play is full of nearly incomprehensible conversations. In daily life, on the contrary, communication would likely break down if the language uses are like the ones in the play. It indicates that people activate different pragmatic principles in daily communication and in literary interpretation. However, very little attention is paid to the field of literary critics and interpretation, and pragmatic principles cannot explain why the readers/audiences of Waiting for Godot could comprehend the play. Therefore, the researcher proposes the “persistence principle” to explain how the readers/audiences search for the meaning of the text. Moreover, a model of literary interpretation is constructed to illustrate the basic differences between daily communication and literature reading.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0915550051 |
| Creators | 文永立 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 英文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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