金融危機的發生不但使受創國經濟活動萎縮，也影響世界經濟的成長，其發生的原因固然不盡相同，但毫無例外的，均與經濟結構的失衡以及金融政策或管理的失當有關。在過去的歷史中，金融危機在不同的國家、不同的時間一再地發生，金融危機不僅使個人及社會財富損失，而且造成社會及經濟問題，同時亦提高政治的不穩定性。本文旨在探討1992年歐洲貨幣制度（EMS）的匯率機制（ERM）危機、1994年墨西哥金融危機、1997年亞洲金融危機、及1998年俄羅斯金融危機等四大金融危機。首先就金融危機的定義、徵兆、及類型，加以文獻檢視並分別說明。其次，就金融危機形成原因的予以探討，說明金融危機成因的理論模型，其演變可分成第一代、第二代、及第三代金融危機模型。此外，對於資訊不對稱在金融市場所形成逆選擇與道德風險的問題，及與金融危機的關係，亦一併敘述。
經檢視以上四大金融危機發生的背景、成因、類型，及各次金融危機發生之前的徵兆與現象；探討各次金融危機發生後，各國的因應對策；比較各次金融危機的差異與相同之處；並分析國際貨幣基金 (IMF) 在各次金融危機中所扮演的角色；以及由各國處理金融危機的歷史經驗中，獲得結論如下: ERM金融危機加速區域金融合作的推展，墨西哥及俄羅斯政府未能信守承諾加速金融危機的爆發，國際大規模資金反轉流出及擴散效應，引爆亞洲金融危機，政府的干預及國際的援助促使亞洲金融危機早日解除；健全的實質經濟結構優於貨幣制度的考量，妥善導引國際間資本的移動勝於加強管制，金融危機的發生促使受創國加速金融改革，強化國際最後奧援者的機制有其必要性。為預防金融危機的發生，我們的建議為：循序推動金融自由化，健全法規體制，建立完善的金融監理及預警制度，妥善導引及管理外資，積極參與國際及區域金融機制，尊重中央銀行對匯率的操作策略，及積極培養優秀金融人才。
關鍵詞: 金融危機、資訊不對稱、匯率 / Financial crises results in the inability of financial markets to function efficiently, which leads to a sharp contraction in economic activity. They have not only affected the economic development of the countries in some region but also had deep negative consequences all over the world. They have occurred throughout history resulting in the loss of national and international public and personal wealth, creating politically uncertainty and shaking the foundations of the national, regional and international economic and social order.
This paper attempts to explore focus mainly on four major financial crises in the 1990s: the crisis of “Exchange Rate Mechanism” of European Monetary System in 1992, the “Mexican Financial Crisis” in 1994, the “Asian Financial Crisis” in 1997, and the “Russian Financial Crisis” in 1998. Firstly reference is to explicate separately the definition, symptom and types of financial crisis, with to documentation. Secondly research causes of the financial crisis, and the contributing factor mode can be categorized in first-, second-, and third-, generation models. Further more it is to interpret the problems of adverse selection and moral hazard affected by asymmetric information, and the connection with the crisis.
Through surveying background and causes of four financial crises and the symptom and phenomenon prior to the crisis, the paper concludes by drawing lessons from the crises experience to policymaking in emerging market countries. Therefore it brings to the conclusion as follows: government’s intervention and international assistance helped end the financial crises; healthy and essential economic structure is superior to consideration of currency system; properly guide the movement of international capitals is more important than tightening control; occurrence of financial crisis urges injured nations to speed up financial reform; and it is necessary to strengthen the mechanism for an international lender of last resort.
According to the study findings, the policy suggestions for avoiding the financial crises are: to promote financial liberalization gradually; establish a healthy regulating system; build up a good supervising and early warning system; properly guide and manage foreign capitals; participate actively in international and regional financial structure; respect central bank’s operational strategy toward the exchange rate; and actively train great financial talents.
Keywords: Financial Crisis, Asymmetric Information, Exchange Rate
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0909210381 |
| Creators | 林進煌 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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