Deaths from opioid overdose have increased dramatically in the past decade, representing an epidemic in the United States. For individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), agonist medications such as methadone and buprenorphine represent an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to reduce opioid-related morbidity and mortality. Historically, the provision of buprenorphine treatment in office-based settings has relied on frequent in-person contact, which influenced patients’ access to and retention in care. However, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, providers of office-based buprenorphine treatment rapidly adapted their care processes, increasingly relying on telemedicine visits.
This dissertation employed mixed methods to study the implementation and effectiveness of telemedicine in office-based buprenorphine treatment provided in safety-net settings, or those that provide health services to patients regardless of their ability to pay. Qualitative methods were used to explore provider and patient experiences with the use of telemedicine in an office-based buprenorphine treatment clinic associated with an academic safety-net hospital, while quantitative methods were used to examine the effects of telemedicine adoption on outcomes for patients with OUD attending federally-qualified health centers (FQHCs) in Massachusetts.
Results from provider interviews indicated the implementation of telemedicine in office-based buprenorphine treatment precipitated openness to more flexibility in care practices, though providers expressed concerns regarding telemedicine and related adaptations that centered around patient safety. Results from patient interviews indicated telemedicine enabled engagement in care, though patients differed in their views on: 1) the appropriateness of telemedicine based on one’s stage of recovery, 2) how telemedicine impacted their relationships with providers, and 3) their preferences for telemedicine visits moving forward. Results from both patient and provider interviews indicated safety-net patient populations experienced unique challenges when using telemedicine, particularly due to difficulties with technology and privacy. Finally, results from the quasi-experimental study of telemedicine adoption across a network of FQHCs indicated it was associated with: 1) increases in all-cause and OUD-related outpatient care engagement, 2) increases in retail buprenorphine fills and days supplied, and 3) either no changes or decreases in all-cause and OUD-related emergency department visits and inpatient admissions.
These findings suggest telemedicine has the potential to improve patients’ engagement in office-based buprenorphine treatment while not compromising safety; however, qualitative data emphasizes the perceived benefits of hybrid, patient-centered approaches to care, particularly in safety-net settings. Overall, results of this dissertation support the maintenance of changes to policy and practice that facilitate the use of telemedicine in office-based buprenorphine treatment beyond the COVID-19 public health emergency. / 2025-01-03T00:00:00Z
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bu.edu/oai:open.bu.edu:2144/47899 |
| Date | 04 January 2024 |
| Creators | Davoust, Melissa Jean |
| Contributors | Clark, Jack A. |
| Source Sets | Boston University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
| Rights | Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
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