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Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 / An evaluation project was conducted on the technique of treatment for effluent
oil which is the deriving process to improve cashews. During the evaluation the following
techniques were developed: advanced processes of humid oxidation, oxidative processes,
processes of biological treatment and processes of adsorption. The assays had been carried
through in kinetic models, with an evaluation of the quality of the process by means of
determining the chemical demand of oxygen (defined as a technique of control by means of
comparative study between the available techniques). The results demonstrated that the
natural biodegradation of the effluent ones is limited, as result using the present natural flora
in the effluent one revealed impracticable for an application in the industrial systems,
independent of the evaluation environment (with or without the oxygen presence). The job of
specific microorganisms for the oily composite degradation developed the viability technique
of this route, the acceptable levels of inclusion in effluent system of treatment of the
improvement of the cashew being highly good with reasonable levels of removal of CDO.
However, the use combined with other techniques of daily pay-treatment for these effluent
ones revealed to still be more efficient for the context of the treatment of effluent and
discarding in receiving bodies in acceptable standards for resolution CONAMA 357/2005.
While the significant generation of solid residues the process of adsorption with agroindustrial
residues (in special the chitosan) is a technical viable alternative, however, when
applied only for the treatment of the effluent ones for discarding in bodies of water, the
economic viability is harmed and minimized ambient profits. Though, it was proven that if
used for ends of I reuse, the viability is equalized and justifies the investments. There was a
study of the photochemistry process which have are applicable to the treatment of the effluent
ones, having resulted more satisfactory than those gotten for the UV-Peroxide techniques.
There was different result on the one waited for the use of catalyses used in the process of
Photo. The catalyses contained the mixing oxide base of Cerium and Manganese,
incorporated of Potassium promoters this had presented the best results in the decomposition
of the involved pollutants. Having itself an agreed form the gotten photochemistry daily paytreatment
resulted, then after disinfection with chlorine the characteristics next the portability
to the water were guarantee. The job of the humid oxidation presented significant results in
the removal of pollutants; however, its high cost alone is made possible for job in projects of
reuses, areas of low scarcity and of raised costs with the capitation/acquisition of the water, in
special, for use for industrial and potable use. The route with better economic conditions and
techniques for the job in the treatment of the effluent ones of the improvement of the cashew
possesses the sequence to follow: conventional process of separation water-oil,
photochemistry process and finally, the complementary biological treatment / Neste trabalho foram avaliadas t?cnicas de tratamento para os efluentes oleosos
oriundos do processo de beneficiamento da castanha de caju. As t?cnicas avaliadas foram:
processos de oxida??o ?mida, processos oxidativos avan?ados, processos de tratamento
biol?gico e processos de adsor??o. Os ensaios foram realizados com propostas de modelos
cin?ticos, com monitoramento da qualidade dos processos por meio da determina??o da
demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (definida como t?cnica de controle por meio de estudo
comparativo entre as t?cnicas dispon?veis). Os resultados demonstram que a biodegrada??o
natural dos efluentes ? limitada, e os resultados utilizando da flora natural presente no efluente
mostrou-se invi?vel para aplica??o em sistemas industriais, independente do ambiente de
avalia??o (com ou sem a presen?a de oxig?nio). O emprego de microorganismos espec?ficos
para a degrada??o de compostos oleosos incrementou a viabilidade t?cnica dessa rota,em
n?veis adequados para aplica??o em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes do beneficiamento da
castanha, tendo-se uma boa expressividade, com remo??o da DQO. Por?m, o uso combinado
com outras t?cnicas de pr?-tratamento para esses efluentes mostrou-se ainda mais eficiente
para o contexto do tratamento de efluentes e descarte em corpos receptores dentro dos padr?es
preconizados pela resolu??o CONAMA 357/2005. Apesar da gera??o significativa de
res?duos s?lidos, o emprego do processo de adsor??o com res?duos agroindustriais (em
especial a quitosana) ? uma alternativa tecnicamente vi?vel, por?m, quando aplicada apenas
para o tratamento dos efluentes para o descarte em corpos d ?gua, a viabilidade econ?mica ?
prejudicada e os ganhos ambientais minimizados. Por?m, foi comprovado que se utilizado
para fins de reuso, a viabilidade ? equiparada e justifica os investimentos. Os processos
fotoqu?micos s?o aplic?veis ao tratamento dos efluentes estudados, tendo-se como resultados
mais satisfat?rios aqueles obtidos para as t?cnicas de UV-Per?xido. Sendo o resultado
diferente do esperado pela utiliza??o de catalisadores usados no processo de Foto-Fenton. Os
catalisadores a base de ?xido misto de C?rio e Mangan?s, incorporado de promotores de
Pot?ssio, apresentaram os melhores resultados na decomposi??o dos poluentes envolvidos. Os
resultados obtidos de forma combinada ao pr?-tratamento fotoqu?mico, ap?s desinfec??o com
cloro, garantem caracter?sticas pr?ximas a potabilidade da ?gua. O emprego da oxida??o
?mida apresenta resultados muito significativos na remo??o de poluentes, entretanto, o seu
alto custo s? ? viabilizado para emprego em projetos de reuso, em ?reas de baixa escassez e
de elevados custos com a capta??o/aquisi??o da ?gua, em especial, para utiliza??o para uso
industrial e pot?vel. A rota com melhores condi??es econ?micas e t?cnicas para o emprego no
tratamento dos efluentes do beneficiamento da castanha de caju, possui a seq??ncia a seguir:
processo convencional de separa??o ?gua-?leo, processo fotoqu?mico e por fim, o tratamento
biol?gico complementar
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15901 |
| Date | 24 May 2010 |
| Creators | Jer?nimo, Carlos Enrique de Medeiros |
| Contributors | CPF:12270202449, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783510Y4, Melo, H?nio Normando de Souza, CPF:07671466468, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783216E1, Mendes, Carlos Gomes Nave, CPF:03915161862, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0093698796119367, Oliveira, Fernando Jorge Santos de, CPF:83248994487, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7040531448584052, Santos, Everaldo Silvino dos, CPF:87510383404, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799564Y2, Ara?jo, Andr? Luis Calado, CPF:37695045268, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799320A6, Sousa, Jo?o Fernandes de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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