隨著網際網路與資通訊科技的高度發展，企業打造多元的APP改變經營模式，同時政府機關為了提升政府運作效能與國家競爭力，亦設置了多元的行動化服務。新服務模式跨越了傳統時間與空間上的限制，對於傳統的代議政治體系中提供了更符合公民直接參與的機會。近年來，電子化政府的發展更被廣泛地賦予民主意涵，電子民主成為公民參與與政府治理之新溝通模式。
本研究透過電子公民參與相關研究文獻之彙整，盤點及歸類現行中央與地方政府所提供的APP服務與電子公民參與之間的關係。再者，根據分類的結果，針對擁有電子化決策參與精神的APP服務建構評估指標，本研究挑選臺北市長信箱以及阿倫Online作為參照個案，同時彙整網站服務品質指標、國內外電子化政府評估研究、政府服務滿意度評估研究、電子商務滿意度研究、首長信箱滿意度評估架構，以及結合網路資源等六類文獻，提出政府APP評估構面與操作化指標，並透過兩回合的結構式問卷訪談修改指標架構及內容。
本研究經結構式問卷訪談進行資料收集後，將政府APP評估構面與操作化指標區分為兩大主構面：系統品質以及公民參與與服務品質。前者，進一步細分出（1）視覺設計、（2）易用性、（3）安全及隱私等三大次構面，其中，視覺設計共有九項指標，如：APP名稱清楚明確，並能凸顯其具備陳情抱怨的特質、APP簡單整潔；易用性共有十九項指標，如：APP在點選後3秒內，能執行完畢、APP的功能簡單、便利；安全及隱私共有四項指標，如：APP所需的資訊與權限可以被接受、APP所需的個人資料項目可以被接受。
後者，細分出（1）互動及回覆內容品質、（2）有用性、（3）反應性、（4）效能感等四大次構面。其中，互動及回覆內容品質共有四項指標，如：主管單位回覆的資訊是充足的、主管單位的回覆是正確的；有用性共有三項指標，如：相較於臨櫃服務、1999與網頁版首長信箱，APP能更快速解決我陳情抱怨的問題、無須再透過其他系統或平台申辦帳號密碼，便可完成陳情抱怨程序；反應性共有六項指標，如：透過APP，政府機關能快速地接收到我的陳情、主管單位的回覆語氣與方式親切有禮；效能感共有三項指標，如：陳情通知或回覆的內容，讓我覺得主管單位了解我的困難及問題癥結、我認為主管單位的通知或回覆內容係針對我的需求與問題提供服務。總計有二大主構面、七大次構面，以及四十七項指標。同時依據每項指標對於APP意義程度上的差異，將指標區分為基本指標（must have）以及進階指標（good to have）兩種層次。
期望本研究建構的指標架構，除了可做為未來政府機關開發電子化決策參與APP的參考依據外，同時有助於主管機關改善及永續現行APP之經營與發展，並且強化APP的安全機制，邁向資訊開放及運用。後續研究可深入探討無障礙與安全性指標內容設計，待部分指標進一步操作化後，可運用德菲法讓指標項目具一致性，並採用AHP搭配深度訪談擬定指標權重，最終以大量發放問卷了解指標合適度以及了解APP的發展現況。 / The expansion of the Internet and the fast development of information communication technologies (ICTs) have changed service deliveries of enterprises and government organizations. Many enterprises change the service model with creating a variety of APPs. Government organizations, meanwhile, provide multiple mobile services in order to maximize the competitive advantage of nations. A novel service model breaks restrictions on time and space, providing the opportunity of direct democracy for the public. Lately, the development of electronic government is entitled to extensive democracy, and electronic government becomes a new communication model.
In order to realize the meaning of e-democracy and the development of governments’ online services, this research reviews the literature of electronic democracy. The author use three dimensions, including ‘electronic information’, ‘electronic service and consultation’, and ‘electronic decision making and participation’, to categorize APPs created by central and local governments. Base on the previous findings, this research selects electronic decision making and participation of APPs to construct indicators. The author reviews six types of literatures, including web service quality indicators, electronic government assessment, governmental service quality research, electronic commerce satisfaction, mayor's email-box satisfaction, and Internet resources to establish indicators of governments’ APPs. The framework and contents of indicators are revised by implementing two rounds in-depth interviews with the questionnaire.
According to empirical data, this research separate indicators into two dimensions, including System Quality and Citizen Participation & Service Quality. The System Quality has three sub-dimensions, including Visual Design, Ease of Use, and Security & Privacy. Visual Design has nine indicators, such as the accuracy of APPs’ title, the simplicity of APP, etc. Ease of Use has nineteen indicators, such as the response time less than three seconds, the simplicity of APPs’ functions, etc. Security & Privacy has four indicators, such as the authority of being acceptable, proper personal informations, etc.
The Citizen Participation & Service Quality has four sub-dimensions, including the Contents’ Quality of Interactions, Usability, Responsiveness, and Efficacy. The Contents’ Quality of Interactions has four indicators, such as the sufficiency of governments’ reply, the accuracy of governments’ reply, etc. Usability has three indicators, such as relative to APPs’ deal of speed than counters, 1999, and the mayor's email-boxes, applying for accounts directly in APP, etc. Responsiveness has six indicators, such as immediately response, courteous reply, etc. Efficacy has three indicators, such as understanding of the petition, customize services, etc. To sum up, indicators of government APPs have two dimensiosns, seven sub-dimensiosns and forty eight indicators. Base on those indicators, and this research further categorizes them into ‘must have’ and ‘good to have’.
This framework of indicators is expected not only becoming the reference for government organizations creating APPs in the future but also improving service quality of APPs nowadays. Moreover, it is important that having to strengthen APP’s security and privacy, then governments could open data from citizen complaints and use them to create new value. Future research could explore the disability and security aspects of indicators. Moreover, future research could consider operationalize a part of indicators, and then adopt Delphi and AHP to measure robustly the consistency and weighting of indicators. Finally, the author expects the follow-up studies could conduct questionnaires to realize the fitness for indicators and condition of APP’s development.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0101256022 |
| Creators | 呂孟芩 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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