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Genetic engineering of rice for the production of [beta]-carotene and vitamin A.

Ho, Wing Ho. / On t.p. "beta" appears as the Greek letter. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-183). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis committee --- p.ii / Statement --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.vi / 摘要 --- p.vii / Table of Contents --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.xv / List of Figures --- p.xvii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xxiii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Vitamin A --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Genral and properties --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Biological importance of vitamin A --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Dietary source of vitamin A --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Plant-derived provitamin A and animal-derived vitamin A --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Dependence on the plant-derived provitamin A by the poor --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1 --- Plant-derived provitamin A --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1.1 --- General and properties --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1.2 --- Biosynthesis of provitamin A in plants --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1.2.1 --- Assembly of C40 backbone … --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1.2.2 --- Desaturation and cyclization --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1.2.3 --- Oxygenation --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.3.2.1.2.4 --- Carotenogenic enzymes --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Metabolism of dietary vitamin A and provitamin A in human system --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- Digestion and absorption --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.4.2 --- Biocon version --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.4.2.1 --- "Beta, beta '-carotene 15, 15'-monooxygenase (BCMO)" --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.4.3 --- "Transport, uptake and storage" --- p.43 / Chapter 2.1.4.4 --- Provision or excretion --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2 --- Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Green revolution --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Rice as the major staple food for feeding the poor --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Provitamin A content in processed rice seeds --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Symptoms of VAD --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Global prevalence of VAD --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3 --- Previous efforts for dealing with the deficiency --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- The key for dealing with the deficiency --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Selective plant breeding --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Supplementation and post-harvesting fortification --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Bio-fortification by genetic engineering --- p.57 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Advantages of genetic engineering --- p.57 / Chapter 2.3.4.1.1 --- Genetic engineering of non-cereal crops --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.4.1.2 --- Genetic engineering of cereal crops --- p.62 / Chapter 2.3.4.1.2.1 --- Golden Rice 1 --- p.62 / Chapter 2.3.4.1.2.2 --- Golden Rice 2 --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4 --- Motivation for striking forward --- p.67 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Recommended Dietary Amount of vitamin A --- p.67 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Factors affecting the bioefficacy of provitamin A in human body --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Bioavailability --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Bioconvertibility --- p.69 / Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Health and nutritional status --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Further improvement for dealing with the deficiency --- p.73 / Chapter 2.5 --- Hypothesis --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.78 / Chapter 3.1 --- Chemicals --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2 --- Bacterial strains --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3 --- Transient expression of BCMOs in plant system --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Choice of BCMOs --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Plasmids and genetic material --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Construction of chimeric genes for transient expression --- p.82 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Microprojectile bombardment and GUS assay --- p.83 / Chapter 3.4 --- Construction of chimeric genes for rice co-transformation --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Choice of carotenogenic genes --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Choice of promoters --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Necessities and choice of transit peptide (TP) --- p.85 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Arrangement of chimeric gene-cassettes --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Plasmids and genetic materials --- p.87 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Construction of chimeric gene expressing PSY and PDS coordinately --- p.87 / Chapter 3.4.7 --- "Construction of chimeric gene expressing PSY, PDS and TP equipped CHBCMO coordinately" --- p.92 / Chapter 3.4.8 --- "Construction of chimeric gene expressing PSY, PDS and TP equipped ZEBCMO coordinately" --- p.98 / Chapter 3.4.9 --- Construction of chimeric gene expressing ZDS and LYCB coordinately --- p.103 / Chapter 3.4.10 --- Confirmation of sequence fidelity --- p.108 / Chapter 3.5 --- Rice co-transformation --- p.109 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Plant materials --- p.109 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Preparation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens --- p.109 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Agrobacterium mediated co-transformation --- p.110 / Chapter 3.5.3.1 --- Callus induction from mature rice seeds --- p.110 / Chapter 3.5.3.2 --- Callus induction from immature rice seeds --- p.110 / Chapter 3.5.3.3 --- "Co-cultivation, selection and regeneration" --- p.111 / Chapter 3.6 --- Detection of transgene expression --- p.112 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Detection at DNA level --- p.112 / Chapter 3.6.1.1 --- Genomic DNA extraction --- p.112 / Chapter 3.6.1.2 --- PCR screening --- p.112 / Chapter 3.6.1.3 --- Synthesis of DIG-labeled DNA probes --- p.114 / Chapter 3.6.1.4 --- Southern blot analysis --- p.115 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Detection at RNA level --- p.116 / Chapter 3.6.2.1 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.116 / Chapter 3.6.2.2 --- Northern blot analysis --- p.116 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Detection at product level --- p.117 / Chapter 3.6.3.1 --- Phenotypic identification --- p.117 / Chapter 3.6.3.2 --- HPLC analysis --- p.117 / Chapter 3.6.3.2.1 --- Extraction of total carotenoids and retinoids --- p.117 / Chapter 3.6.3.2.2 --- HPLC identification --- p.118 / Chapter 3.6.3.2.3 --- HPLC quantification --- p.118 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.119 / Chapter 4.1 --- Transient expression of BCMOs in plant system --- p.119 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Construction of chimeric genes for transient expression --- p.119 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Microprojectile bombardment and GUS assay --- p.120 / Chapter 4.2 --- Construction of chimeric genes for rice co-transformation --- p.121 / Chapter 4.3 --- Rice co-transformation --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Callus induction from mature and immature rice seeds --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- "Co-cultivation, selection and regeneration" --- p.124 / Chapter 4.4 --- Detection of transgene expression --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Detection at DNA level --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- PCR screening --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Southern blot analysis --- p.129 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Detection at RNA level --- p.133 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Northern blot analysis --- p.133 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Detection at product level --- p.135 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Phenotypic identification --- p.135 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- HPLC identification --- p.137 / Chapter 4.4.3.3 --- HPLC quantification --- p.147 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.150 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.156 / References --- p.157

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_326126
Date January 2007
ContributorsHo, Wing Ho., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Molecular Biotechnology.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish, Chinese
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, xxv, 183 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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