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Good corporate governance : can it be ensured through structures only : a critical evaluation of the role of the board and in particular the independent director

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main problem area this dissertation studied is whether there the
appointment of independent directors to the board, is firstly an adequate way
to ensure good corporate governance, and secondly, if it is not the case, what
must companies do to amend the situation. As result of various factors,
amongst them the spectacular corporate failures worldwide that demonstrated
the flaws in the shareholder democratic model, shareholder activism and
global competitiveness corporate governance has taken centre stage. Pivotal
to good corporate governance is the board of the company, as postulated not
only by the majority of corporate governance models, but also by all the
corporate governance codes. Furthermore, the perception of shareholders
that independent directors are the most effective way to ensure that
shareholder interests are protected has also been entrenched in the directives
of corporate governance codes, with the inclusion of the South African King
Code.
As a result of the foregoing the role of independent directors has come under
the spotlight, especially their failure to act in some of the instances of
governance abuse by management. In this regard strong responses and
possible prosecution has now alerted non-executive directors to the fact that
there is no difference in liability between them and the executive brothers.
Non-executive directors or independent directors have primarily two functions,
they must monitor the performance of management and provide strategic input.
As a result of the aforesaid corporate collapses non-executive directors are of
the opinion that their monitoring role is being emphasis at the cost of their
strategic role, which might be to the detriment of the company.
Independent directors as the solution to all governance problems are however
not flawless. Independence interpreted restricts access to possible suitable
candidates. Furthermore, ineffective selection processes curtail the optimal
functioning of boards, manipulation of information by management, lack of
director training, and the increasing cost attendant to ensure adequate
independent representation on the board. There are also "soft issues" that are
even mere pervasive and destructive, the boardroom atmosphere that
precludes open and honest discussion, the powerful chief executive and the
failure of some directors to distinguish between managing and directing.
In view of the problems highlighted above, this study project proposes that
there has, firstly been an over-emphasis of the role that the independent
director can play in ensuring good corporate governance at the cost of other
measures that can be implemented. A more optimal situation can be created
through a combination of a strong independent presence coupled with
ongoing training and evaluation of boards and directors. There are two
prerequisites for such training and evaluation to be successful. Firstly, the
process must be actively driven by the chairman of the board and, secondly,
directors must be made aware of the fact that shareholders have become
more demanding and critical of their performance. Unless they are perceived
to add value to the company they may find that they are without a job. In
today's demanding environment companies and boards that do not actively
encourage a learning culture will not survive. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kern-probleemgebied wat in die verhandeling bestudeer is is tweeledig,
eerstens, of die aanstelling van onafhanklike direkteure op die direksie
voldoende is om goeie korporatiewe bestuur te verseker, en tweedens, indien
dit nie die geval is nie, wat maatskappye te doen staan om die situasie reg te
stel. As gevolg van verskeie faklore, onder andere die skouspelagtige
korporatiewe mislukkings wereldwyd, wat die gebreke in die aandeelhouer
demokratiese model aan die kaak gestel het, aandeelhouer aktivisme en
globale mededinging, het korporatiewe bestuur 'n sentrale rol aangeneem.
Die kern tot goeie korporatiewe bestuur is die direksie van die maatskappy,
soos daargestel deur beide die meerderheid van koperatiewe
bestuursmodelle en al die kodes ten opsigte van korporatiewe bestuur.
Voorts, word die aanname van aandeelhouers dat onafhanklike direkteure die
mees doeltreffendste wyse is om hulle belange te beskerm, verder ingeburger
in die voorskrifte van korporatiewe bestuurskodes, wat die Suid-Afrikaanse
King Kode 2 insluit.
As gevolg van voormelde het die rol van onafhanklike direkteure in die
spervuur beland, veral as gevolg van hulle versuim om op te tree in sommige
gevalle van korporatiewe vergrepe deur die bestuur van die maatskappy. In
die verband, het die sterk reaksie en die sprake van vervolging, 'n
waarskuwing aan nie-uitvoerende direkteure gerig dat hulle net so
aanspreeklik gehou kan word as hulle uitvoerende broers.
Nie-uitvoerende direkteure or onafhanklike direkteure het primer twee
funksies, hulle moet die prestasie van die bestuur monitor and hulle moet
strategiese insette lewer. As gevolg van gesegde korporatiewe mislukkings is
nie-uitvoerende direkteure nou van mening dat hulle moniteringsrol
beklemtoon word ten koste van hulle strategiese rol, wat tot die nadeel van
die maatskappy mag strek.

Onafhanklike direkteure as die oplossing tot alle bestuursprobleme is egter
nie volmaak nie. 'n Streng interpretasie van onafhanklikheid beperk die keuse
van moontlike geskikte kandidate. Voorts word die optimale funktionering van
direksies ingeperk deur ondoeltreffende keuringsprosesse, die manipulering
van inligting deur die bestuur, gebrek aan direkteursopleiding and die
stygende koste verbonde aan 'n voldoende onafhanklike teenwoordigheid op
die direksie. Daar is ook "sagte" aspekte wat selfs meer vernietigend inwerk,
naamlik die atmosfeer wat heers in die direksiesaal, die magtige hoof
uitvoerende direkteur en die gebrek aan insig by direkteure rakende die
verskil tussen die pligte van 'n direkteur en 'n bestuurder.
Gegewe die voorafgaande probleme, is die verhandeling van mening dat die
rol wat die onafhanklike direkteur kan speel om goeie korporatiewe bestuur te
verseker oorbeklemtoon word. Hierdie klem is ten koste van ander maatreels,
wat ingestel kan word. 'n Meer optimale klimaat kan geskep word deur 'n
kombinasie van 'n sterk onafhanklike teenwoordigheid op die direksie,
gekoppel aan deurlopende opleiding en evaluering van direksies en
direkteure. Ten einde te verseker dat sodanige opleiding en evaluasie
suksesvol is, is daar twee voorvereistes. Eerstens, moet die proses aktief
deur die voorsitter bestuur word, en tweedens, moet 'n bewustheid by
direkteure gekweek word aangaande die verwagtinge van aandeelhouers, wat
meer veeleisend en krities staan teenoor hulle prestasie. Tensy hulle geag
word waarde toe te voeg, mag direkteure hulle sonder 'n werk bevind. In
vandag se veeleisende omgewing kan maatskappye en direksies, wat nie 'n
leerkultuur aanmoedig nie, nie verwag om te oorleef nie.

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/49978
Date03 1900
CreatorsScholtz, Louise
ContributorsEsterhuyse, W. P., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. Graduate School of Business.
PublisherStellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
Source SetsSouth African National ETD Portal
Languageen_ZA
Detected LanguageUnknown
TypeThesis
Format93 leaves
RightsStellenbosch University

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