Yim, Po Yee Annie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-219). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.xi / Table of Content --- p.xiii / List of Figures --- p.xviii / List of Tables --- p.xxi / Major Conference Presentations --- p.xxiii / Publication in Preparation --- p.xxvi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- General Overview of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Natural History --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Current Treatments --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Non-operative Treatments --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Surgical Treatments --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Current Hypothesis on the Etiology of AIS --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Genetic Factors --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Neuromuscular Impairment --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Abnormalities in Skeletal Development --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Metabolic Dysfunction --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Lower Bone Mineral Density --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Delayed Sexual Maturity --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.4.3 --- Hormonal Dysfunction --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5 --- Skeletal arid Spinal Growth in AIS --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Abnormal Growth during Puberty --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Growth Pattern --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Disproportional Growth in AIS --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Asymmetric Growth --- p.20 / Chapter 1.6 --- Melatonin and its Receptor --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Introduction --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Melatonin Receptor --- p.24 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Melatonin's Role in t h e Skeletal System --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Melatonin-Deficient Scoliotic Animal Model --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Melatonin and AIS --- p.29 / Chapter 1.6.5.1 --- Melatonin Level in AIS --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6.5.2 --- Melatonin Receptor in AIS --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Hypothesis and Objectives --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1 --- Study Hypothesis --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2 --- Objectives --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Abnormal skeletal growth patterns in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis - A longitudinal study till skeletal maturity --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Recruitments of Subjects --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Patients with AIS --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Normal Controls --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Patients Consents --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Anthropometric Measurements --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Data Analysis --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Cross-sectional Study --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Longitudinal Study --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Cross-sectional Study of Anthropometric Measurements --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Longitudinal Study of Anthropometric Measurements --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Comparison Adjusted for Chronological Age --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Comparison Along Year Since Menarche (YSM) --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Establishment of a Melatonin-Deficierit Induced Scoliotic Model with Locally Bred Chicken --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Animals --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Materials and Reagents --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Pinealectomy --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Confirmation of Pineal Gland Removal --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Development of Scoliosis --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Measurement of Long Bone Growth --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Measurement of Weight --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Measurement of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.8.1 --- Micro Computed Tomography (MicroCT) --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.8.2 --- Image Processing and Evaluation of BMD --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Data Analysis --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.9.1 --- Measurements of Long Bone Growth and Weight --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.9.2 --- Bone Mineral Density --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Confirmation of Pineal Gland Removal --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Occurrence of Scoliosis --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Measurements of Long Bone and Weight --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Measurement of Bone Mineral Density --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Expression of Melatonin Receptor in AIS and Control --- p.102 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methodology --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Subjects Recruitments --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Cell Isolation --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Bone Biopsies for Osteoblasts Isolation --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Materials and Reagents --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- Isolation of Osteoblasts from Bone Biopsies --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Expression Level and Pattern of Melatonin Receptors 1A and IB --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2.3.1 --- Materials and Reagents --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2.3.2 --- Validation of Specificities of Antibodies by Co-immunoprecipitation --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2.3.3 --- Quantification of Protein Expression of Melatonin Receptors in Osteoblasts --- p.115 / Chapter 5.2.3.4 --- Quantification of mRNA Expression of Melatonin Receptor in Osteoblast --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.3.5 --- Localization of Melatonin Receptor 1A and IB by Immunofluorescence Staining --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Evaluation and Correlation of Clinical Phenotypes with Melatonin Receptor Expression --- p.120 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Data Analysis --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Protein Expression of Melatonin Receptor 1A and IB --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- mRNA Expression of Melatonin Receptor 1A and IB --- p.121 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Localization of Melatonin Receptors 1A and IB --- p.122 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Evaluation and Correlation of Clinical Phenotypes with Melatonin Receptor Expression --- p.123 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.124 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Summary and Overall Discussion --- p.152 / Chapter 6.1 --- Study Flowchart --- p.153 / Chapter 6.2 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.159 / Chapter 6.3 --- Limitations and Further Studies --- p.163 / Bibliography --- p.166
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_327370 |
| Date | January 2011 |
| Contributors | Yim, Po Yee Annie., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xxvi, 219 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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