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Previous issue date: 2015-10-21 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / Glaucoma is a disease that causes more blindness in dogs and has no cure, only treatment. The difficulty in the drainage of aqueous humor (AH) results in an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), representing a significant risk factor for the occurrence of this condition, leading to irreversible damage to the progressive loss of visual field and vision as a whole death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), loss of axons in the optic nerve and excavation of the same. In addition to this, several mechanisms may contribute to the development and progression of this disease, for example, unbalances of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), and cardiovascular and renal diseases. The measurement of IOP and the examination of the fundus are the methods used to diagnose this condition. The treatment of choice is based on eye drops that stimulate drainage of HA and / or decrease their production resulting in IOP control; however in many cases the treatment does not attain the desired effect, culminating in blindness. In an attempt to change this therapeutic perspective, this study compared, in healthy and normotensive Beagle dogs, systemic and ocular action of three drugs: timolol maleate 0.5% (non-selective beta-blocker used in cases of glaucoma) , captopril 0.1% and 0.5% (ECA1 inhibitor never before studied in greater concentration in dogs) and aceturato of diminazene - DIZE 0.1% and 0.5% (endogenous activator of ACE2, never before researched in eyes canines). The latter two drugs were formulated for ophthalmic use for the reduction of IOP, since it is known about the existence of SARS eye level, and that they have been successfully administered systemically at reducing systemic arterial pressure (SAP). Thus, before and after treatment, 18 dogs underwent the Schirmer Tear Test (TLS1) and blood collection for measuring the concentration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ECA1) serum. For three consecutive days before treatment and at three times (6h, 12h and 18h) all animals have gone through four exams, always following the same order: evaluation of pupil size, IOP measurement, measurement of HR and SAP. After obtaining the normal range, the animals had the left eye subjected to predetermined protocols initially with 1 drop every 12 hours, 7 days a lower concentration and, in the other seven days, in the highest concentration. The adelfos eyes were control and every day in the three different times dogs went through the same initial exams. All drugs were good penetration and no adverse eye level. As for tear production, captopril is the most suitable for glaucoma patients and patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, while timolol is contraindicated for them. All decreased IOP values, and in the second week of treatment, with higher concentrations, reductions were more significant. The bradycardia was observed in captopril-treated animals 0.5%, with a reduction of almost 9% in HR compared to captopril in lower concentrations / O glaucoma ? uma das doen?as que mais causa cegueira em c?es e n?o possui cura, apenas tratamento. A dificuldade na drenagem do humor aquoso (HA) resulta no aumento da press?o intra-ocular (PIO) que representa um fator de risco significativo para a ocorr?ncia dessa afec??o, conduzindo ? danos irrevers?veis como a perda progressiva do campo visual e da vis?o como um todo, morte das c?lulas ganglionares da retina (CGR), perda de ax?nios do nervo ?ptico e escava??o do mesmo. Al?m deste, diversos mecanismos podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento e progress?o desta doen?a como, por exemplo, os desequil?brios do sistema-renina-angiotensina (SRA) e as doen?as cardiovasculares e renais. A mensura??o da PIO e o exame do fundo de olho s?o os m?todos mais utilizados para diagnosticar essa afec??o. O tratamento de escolha se baseia em col?rios que estimulam a drenagem do HA e/ou diminuam sua produ??o resultando no controle da PIO; por?m em muitos casos a terapia n?o atinge o efeito desejado e culmina em cegueira. Na tentativa de mudar essa perspectiva terap?utica, o presente trabalho comparou, em c?es sadios e normotensos da ra?a Beagle, a a??o sist?mica e ocular de tr?s f?rmacos: maleato de timolol 0,5% (beta-bloqueador n?o seletivo usado nos casos de glaucoma), captopril 0,1% e 0,5% (inibidor de ECA1 nunca antes estudado nesta maior concentra??o em c?es) e aceturato de diminazeno ? DIZE 0,1% e 0,5% (ativador end?geno de ECA2, nunca antes pesquisado em olhos caninos). Os dois ?ltimos f?rmacos foram formulados para uso oftalmol?gico visando a redu??o da PIO, uma vez que ? sabido sobre a exist?ncia do SRA a n?vel ocular e que os mesmos j? foram administrados sistemicamente com sucesso na redu??o press?o arterial sist?mica (PAS). Dessa forma, antes e ap?s os tratamentos, 18 c?es foram submetidos ao teste lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS1) e ? coleta sangu?nea para dosagem da concentra??o da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA 1) do soro.Durante tr?s dias consecutivos antes dos tratamentos e em tr?s hor?rios distintos (6h, 12h, e 18h) todos os animaispassaram por quatro exames, seguindo sempre a mesma ordem: avalia??o do di?metro pupilar, aferi??o da PIO, aferi??o da FC e da PAS.Ap?s a obten??o dos valores normais, os animais tiveram o olho esquerdo submetido aos protocolos pr?-determinados inicialmente com 1 gota, a cada 12 horas, por 7 dias na menor concentra??o e, nos demais 7 dias, na maior concentra??o. Os olhos adelfos foram o controle e, todos os dias nos tr?s hor?rios distintos os c?es passaram pelos mesmos exames iniciais. Todos os f?rmacos tiveram boa penetrabilidade e aus?ncia de efeitos adversos a n?vel ocular. Quanto ? produ??o lacrimal, o captopril ? o mais indicado para os pacientes glaucomatosos e portadores de ceratoconjuntivite seca, enquanto que o timolol ? contra-indicado para os mesmos. Todos diminu?ram os valores da PIO, sendo que na segunda semana de tratamento, com concentra??es maiores, as redu??es foram mais significativas. A bradicardia foi observada nos animais tratados com captopril 0,5%, com uma redu??o de quase 9% na FC, quando comparado com o captopril em menor concentra??o.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1390 |
| Date | 21 October 2015 |
| Creators | Caminotto, Eriane de Lima |
| Contributors | Reis, Luis Carlos, Pigatto, Jo?o Antonio Tadeu, Fonseca, Fabr?cia Viana, C?rtes, Wellington da Silva, Paiva, Jonimar Pereira |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Medicina Veterin?ria (Patologia e Ci?ncias Cl?nicas), UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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