中共於2013年11月召開十八屆三中全會，並發佈《中共中央關於全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》這份16個改革方向和60個改革要點的決議中，有關司法改革部分以「法院去地方化、去行政化」受到高度關注。2014年10月中共的十八屆四中全會以依法治國作為主軸，並具體化「法院去地方化、去行政化」的改革路徑，提出「推動省以下地方法院人財物統一管理；探索建立與行政區劃適當分離的司法管轄制度。」此次司法改革議題是針對中國法院體制提出結構性的變革，改變了以往程序技術性的改革。目前，綜觀臺灣學界，以「現行中國法院體制之沿革與弊端；中國歷次司法改革之改革核心要點」兩大互動關係作為分析，較為罕見。本研究旨在廓清「中國推動依法治國下之法院體制改革核心」，內容以「憲法－法律－司法政策」作為分析架構，研究中國法院的人事與財政制度，透過法條解析與最高人民法院歷屆的《五年改革綱要》，了解中國法院的結構性弊端成因與進入高度成熟市場經濟的司法改革關注重點。以透析中國司法制度在現行法律規範的框架下，法院人財物與法官管理體制所呈現出嚴格屬地化原則的運行模式，進一步檢視中共十八大三中與四中全會所提出的法院去地方化、去行政化之改革路徑與核心。主要研究成果，發現以下訊息：以省級高等法院作為跨行政區劃管轄制度的基礎才是法院去地方化的改革關鍵。然而，中國所選擇的北京市與上海市的跨行政區劃的法院管轄之試點改革，仍然局限在一個省級框架內部，新設置在直轄市的中級法院仍舊是「同級黨政機關決定法院的財政人事」制度模式。若能作到省級高等法院切斷與省級人大人財物的供給，將觸及到中共十八大三中與四中全會所提出結構性司法改革之真正核心。 / The Third and Fourth Plenum of 18th CPC Central Committee passed the Decision on Major Issues of comprehensively Deepening Reform and Decision on Major Issues of comprehensively promoting the Rule of Law. The most important proposals concerning China’s judicial system reform is centered on the Court independence from localized political authority and bureaucratized. The current situations that Court’s independence and judge’s independence seem difficult in China is partly due to administration and localization. Up to now, it’s one very pressing issue in judicial reform is to properly deal with the multiple relations related with judicial system, under the Constitution of PROC. The relations include the external relations with CPC , power authority , administrative authority and citizen. The internal relations contain power allocation , supervision and restriction and personnel administration with the Court. This study aims to clarify the orientation of judicial system reform under China’s deepening the Rule of Law and it will focus on how the China’s Court to be apart from localized political authority and bureaucratized.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0102260011 |
| Creators | 董柏毅, Tung, Po Yi |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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