The rapid development, approval, and production of vaccines against the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in less than 1 year after the first reports
of a new infectious disease was a real game changer, providing 80%–90% efficacy in
preventing severe etiopathologies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These
vaccines induce an immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein located
on the surface of the virus particle. Antibodies (Abs) recognizing the S-protein can inhibit
binding of the virus via the S-protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2)
receptor expressed on different human cells, especially when these Abs bind to the
interaction site, the so-called receptor-binding domain (RBD). We have expressed the
RBDs of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and five variants of concern (VOCs) to test the immune
response in people before vaccination with mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273
and after up to three vaccinations using in-house ELISA and inhibition assays. The
methods of both assays are provided. Both vaccines initiated similarly high IgG titers after
two vaccinations against the wild-type and even two VOC-RBDs (alpha and delta) and
strongly inhibited the corresponding RBD-ACE-2 binding. The IgG titers and inhibition of
ACE-2 binding were lower for beta and gamma RBDs and much lower for omicron RBD.
The third vaccination after 6 months strongly increased both the IgG titers and the
neutralizing effect against all variants, especially for omicron, leading to 63% ± 13%
neutralization potential. Importantly, neutralization linearly increased with the IgG titers.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:86432 |
| Date | 11 July 2023 |
| Creators | Schwarze, Mandy, Krizsan, Andor, Brakel, Alexandra, Pohl, Fabian, Volke, Daniela, Hoffmann, Ralf |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, doc-type:article, info:eu-repo/semantics/article, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 1664-3224, 915034 |
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