by Liu Heng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-138). / Acknowledgments --- p.I / List of Abbreviations --- p.II / Abstract --- p.V / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Cytokines in the Central Nervous System --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Basic Properties of Cytokines --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- The General Characteristics of Glial Cells --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Astrocytes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Oligodendrocytes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Microglial --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- The Effects of Cytokines on Neural Cells --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- TNF-α and Neural Cells --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- LIF and Neural Cells --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- IL-1 and Neural Cells --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.3.4 --- IL-6 and Neural Cells --- p.14 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Immune Response in the Central Nervous System --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2 --- The C6 Glioma as a Model for the Study of Glial Cell Growth and Differentiation --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The Rat C6 Glioma Cells --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Differentiation and Proliferation of C6 Glioma Cells --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3 --- Signal Transduction Pathways in Cytokine-stimulated Glial Cells --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Intracellular Signalling Pathways of Cytokines --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Protein Kinase C Pathway --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Tyrosine Kinase Pathway --- p.30 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Cyclic Nucleotide Pathway --- p.32 / Chapter 1.3.1.4 --- Nitric Oxide Pathway --- p.33 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Intracellular Signalling Pathways in Cytokine-stimulated C6 Glioma Cells --- p.34 / Chapter 1.4 --- The Aims of This Thesis Project --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Materials and Methods --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1 --- Rat C6 Glioma Cell Culture --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Preparation of Culture Media --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Complete Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute1640 Medium --- p.42 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Maintenance of the C6 Cell Line --- p.42 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Cell Preparation for Assays --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2 --- Determination of Cell Proliferation --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Determination of Cell Proliferation by [3H]-Thymidine Incorporation --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Measurement of Cell Viability Using Neutral Red Assay --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Data Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.3 --- Effects of Cytokines and Lipopolysaccharide on C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.46 / Chapter 2.4 --- Effects of Protein Kinase C Activators and Inhibitors on Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.47 / Chapter 2.5 --- Effects of cAMP or cGMP on Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.48 / Chapter 2.6 --- Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.48 / Chapter 2.7 --- Effects of Calcium Ion on Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.49 / Chapter 2.8 --- Effects of Nitric Oxide on Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.49 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors on Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.49 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Nitric Oxide Production Assay --- p.50 / Chapter 2.9 --- Effects of β-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist and Antagonist on Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.51 / Chapter 2.10 --- Morphological Studies on Cytokine-Treated C6 Glioma Cells --- p.51 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Wright-Giesma Staining --- p.52 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Staining --- p.52 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- Hematoxylin Staining --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Effects of Cytokines on C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Effects of Cytokines on C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The Time Course of Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Effects of Cytokines on the Growth of C6 Cells --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2 --- Morphology and GFAP Expression in Cytokine-treated C6 Glioma Cells --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Effects of Cytokines on the Morphology of C6 Cells --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effects of Cytokines on GFAP Expression in C6 Glioma Cells --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Signalling Pathway of Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- The Involvement of Protein Kinase C in Cytokine-induced C6Cell Proliferation --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- The Involvement of Tyrosine Kinase in the Cytokine- induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- The Involvement of Calcium Ions in Cytokine-induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- The Involvement of Cyclic Nucleotides in Cytokine- induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.92 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- The Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Cytokine-induced C6 Cell proliferation --- p.94 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- The Involvement of P-Adrenergic Receptor in Cytokine- induced C6 Cell Proliferation --- p.101 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion and Conclusions --- p.104 / References --- p.115
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_321601 |
| Date | January 1996 |
| Contributors | Liu, Heng., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biochemistry. |
| Publisher | Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xi, 138 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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