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Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As macroalgas e faner?gamas marinhas, associadas aos recifes de corais, compreendem um
dos ambientes mais produtivos do planeta. As macroalgas desempenham uma s?rie de
servi?os ecossist?micos, dentre os quais se destacam a produ??o prim?ria, a constru??o dos
recifes, a facilita??o para o estabelecimento dos corais e a forma??o de habitats para in?meras
outras esp?cies de organismos. Por outro lado, elas s?o potencialmente sens?veis ?s altera??es
ambientais, em especial aos impactos causados pelas mudan?as clim?ticas e ? press?o das
atividades humanas. Diante destas altera??es ambientais, s?o necess?rios estudos que possam
explicar os impactos que essas mudan?as causam nesses organismos e, assim, estabelecer
estrat?gias para a conserva??o e restaura??o desses ambientes. T?cnicas de sensoriamento
remoto, combinadas com observa??es in situ, t?m sido bastante utilizadas para mapear bancos
algais em todo o mundo. A ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental dos Recifes de Corais/RN ? APARC
abriga uma grande diversidade de esp?cies algais, no entanto, apesar de constituir uma
Unidade de Conserva??o, ? prov?vel que seus recursos estejam sendo depredados decorrentes
de atividades antr?picas, como o turismo e a pesca predat?ria, e das mudan?as no clima
global, como a varia??o na temperatura e na acidez dos oceanos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho
utilizou dados de sat?lite Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), instrumento Advanced
visible and Near infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2) para verificar a distribui??o de
macroalgas e faner?gamas na APARC, mais precisamente nos recifes de Maracaja? e Rio do
Fogo. Para isso, foram realizadas classifica??es n?o supervisionadas e uma s?rie de
classifica??es supervisionadas flex?veis e r?gidas. Por fim, foi confeccionado o Modelo
Digital Batim?trico (MDB) e o Modelo Digital de Declividade (MDD), a fim de entender a
rela??o entre a fixa??o e o desenvolvimento das macroalgas e faner?gamas com a
profundidade da ?gua e a declividade dos corpos recifais. A classifica??o supervisionada
Maxlike gerou os mapas tem?ticos de ambos os recifes. No recife de Maracaja?, o Maxlike
identificou sete classes: (1) Algas densas; (2) Areia; (3) Faner?gamas esparsas; (4)
Faner?gamas densas; (5) Algas calc?rias; (6) Algas esparsas; e (7) Areia fina. O coeficiente
Kappa (0,84) foi considerado excelente. No recife de Rio do Fogo, o Maxlike identificou seis
classes: (1) Macroalgas; (2) Concre??es de algas calc?rias; (3) Areia; (4) Areia com mistura
calc?ria; (5) Faner?gamas e (6) Recifes de corais. O coeficiente Kappa (0,75) foi considerado
substancial. Em ambos os recifes, as macroalgas encontram-se predominantemente na ?rea
central, entre as is?batas -1 e -3 m, principalmente. ? uma ?rea relativamente plana, com 2%
de declividade em Maracaja? e 3% em Rio do Fogo. As algas calc?rias, formando ou n?o
concre??es, localizam-se principalmente nas extremidades do recife, especialmente na borda
externa (reef front), em profundidades de at? -5 m. As faner?gamas ocorrem principalmente
na borda interna (back reef), entre as is?batas -2 e -6 m. As bordas dos recifes configuraram as
regi?es de maior declividade, com at? 5% no recife de Maracaja? e at? 7% no recife de Rio do
Fogo. Em ambos os recifes foram registrados os seguintes grupos morfofuncionais: foli?ceas,
ramificadas, cori?ceas, calc?rias articuladas e calc?rias crostosas. Espera-se que esse trabalho
possa fornecer subs?dios para o planejamento e gest?o da APARC, conduzindo a utiliza??o
cada vez mais sustent?vel dessa Unidade de Conserva??o. / Seaweeds and seagrasses associated with coral reefs comprise one of the most productive
environments on the planet. Seaweeds have several roles in ecosystem services, including
primary production, reef construction, facilitation of coral establishment and habitat formation
for numerous other species. On the other hand, they are potentially sensitive to environmental
changes, especially the impacts caused by climate change and the pressure of human
activities. Because of these environmental changes, studies that can explain the impacts that
these changes cause in these organisms and, thus, establish strategies for the conservation and
restoration of these environments are needed. Remote sensing techniques combined with in
situ observations have been widely used to map algal beds around the world. The Coral Reef
Environmental Preservation Area / RN - APARC shelters a large diversity of algal species;
however, although it is a conservation unit, its resources are likely to be depleted due to
anthropic activities, such as tourism and fishing, and changes in global climate, such as
changes in ocean temperature and acidity. In this sense, this study applied Advanced Land
Observing Satellite (ALOS) satellite data, an Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer
(AVNIR-2) instrument to verify the distribution of seaweeds and seagrasses in APARC, more
precisely in the Maracaja? and Rio do Fogo reefs. For this, unsupervised classifications and a
series of soft and hard supervised classifications were performed. Finally, the Digital
Bathymetric Model (MDB) and the Digital Slope Model (MDS) were also generated in order
to understand the relationship between seaweed and seagrass establishment and development
with the water depth and the slope of the reef body.The supervised classification Maxlike
generated the thematic maps of both reefs. In the Maracaja? reef, the Maxlike identified seven
classes: (1) Dense seaweed; (2) Sand; (3) Sparse seagrass; (4) Dense seagrass; (5) Calcareous
seaweed; (6) Sparse seaweed; and (7) Fine sand. The Kappa coefficient (0.84) was considered
excellent. Concerning Rio do Fogo reef, the Maxlike identified six classes: (1) Seaweed; (2)
Calcareous seaweed concretions; (3) Sand; (4) Sand with limestone; (5) Seagrass; and (6)
Coral Reefs. The Kappa coefficient (0.75) was considered substantial. In both reefs, seaweeds
are predominantly in the central area, mainly between isobaths -1 and -3 m. This region is a
relatively flat area, with a 2% slope in Maracaja? and a 3% slope in Rio do Fogo. Calcareous
seaweed, forming or not concretions, are located mainly in the reef extremities, especially in
the reef front, in depths of up to -5 m. Seagrasses occur mainly in the back reef, between
isobaths -2 and -6 m. The edges of the reefs are the regions with the highest slopes, up to 5%
in Maracaja? reef and up to 7% in Rio do Fogo reef. In both reefs, the following
morphofunctional groups were recorded: foliose, leathery, corticated, articulated calcareous
and crustose seaweed. This work may provide support for the planning and management of
APARC, leading to the increasingly sustainable use of this conservation unit.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/24520 |
| Date | 23 February 2017 |
| Creators | Silva, Gabriella Cynara Minora da |
| Contributors | 18238050430, Oliveira, Jorge Eduardo Lins, 14076306449, Oliveira, Laura Emmanuella Alves dos Santos Santana de, 05069886436, Carneiro, Marcella Ara?jo do Amaral, 01184748470, Carvalho, Rodrigo Guimar?es de, 84980516300, Soriano, Eliane Marinho |
| Publisher | PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM DESENVOLVIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE - PRODEMA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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