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History to Data: Converting Topographic Maps into Digital Elevation Models

Studying past landscapes existing before the modern era (pre-1945) carries great difficulty. Historical maps can offer insight to researchers, but the two-dimensional cartographic features on these maps remain largely inaccessible for geospatial analyses. This study investigates the idea of unlocking the data within historical maps to be utilized by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To realize this goal, the cartographic features must be extracted and converted into digital vector (line) and raster (grid) data. For the purposes of this study, we focus on the extraction of elevation contour lines in United States Geological Survey (USGS) historical topographic maps. These lines are converted into Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), thus creating historically accurate digital landscapes. To ensure a high-quality result, the topographically derived DEMs (TOPO-DEMs) are compared to modern satellite-derived DEMs. The implications of this study can be directly applied to historical, archeological, and environmental research.

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:ETSU/oai:dc.etsu.edu:asrf-1995
Date07 April 2022
CreatorsPierce, Briar, Ernenwein, Eileen G.
PublisherDigital Commons @ East Tennessee State University
Source SetsEast Tennessee State University
Detected LanguageEnglish
Typetext
Formatapplication/pdf
SourceAppalachian Student Research Forum & Jay S. Boland Undergraduate Research Symposium

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