Doping als psychosoziales Verhalten stellt mehr als die bloße Verletzung von Anti-Doping-Regeln dar. Doping betrifft sowohl den (Hoch-)Leistungs- als auch den Breiten- und Freizeitsport. Für die Vorhersage von Doping haben Einstellungen einen nachweislich großen Einfluss, jedoch konnte bisher kein zufriedenstellendes theoretisches Modell, welches sowohl Personen- und Situationsfaktoren ausreichend berücksichtigt, gefunden werden. Die erste Publikation konzentriert sich auf methodische Fragen zur Erfassung impliziter Dopingeinstellungen. Dieser Beitrag, der auf duale Einstellungstheorien (z.B., Fazio, 1990) basiert, diskutiert die indirekte Messung von Dopingeinstellungen mittels Impliziten Assoziationstest (Greenwald et al., 1998). Die zweite Publikation stützt sich auf ein erweitertes Dopingverständnis und untersucht den Schmerzmittelkonsum in Abhängigkeit von Situations- und Personenfaktoren anhand der Annahmen von Rational-Choice-Theorie und Routine-Activity-Ansatz (Clarke & Cornish, 1985; Cohen & Felson, 1979). Abschließend wird der Einfluss von moralischen Entscheidungen auf Doping diskutiert (z. B. Ntoumanis et al., 2014). Das Ethische Dilemmatraining (Elbe & Brand, 2016) stellt eine neue Methode dar, um die moralische Entscheidungsfähigkeit zu steigern und moralische Werte und Überzeugungen zu stärken. Als integrierender theoretischer Rahmen wird die Situational Action Theory (z. B., Wikström, 2014) vorgeschlagen, welche sowohl die Interaktion von Personen- und Situationsfaktoren als auch die moralische Entscheidungsfindung miteinander verbindet. Weiterführende Implikationen für die Dopingforschung und -prävention werden diskutiert.:List of Publications III
List of Figures IV
List of Tables VI
Abstract VII
Zusammenfassung VIII
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Historical Overview on Doping in Sports 1
1.2 Defining Doping - Strengths and Weaknesses 3
1.2.1 World Anti-Doping Code 4
1.2.2 Limitations of WADA Code 6
1.2.3 Doping as (Deviant) Social Behavior 7
2 A Review on Current Research on Doping 11
2.1 Prevalence of Doping Elite and Recreational Sport 11
2.2 Doping and Legal and Illegal Substance (Mis-)Use 15
2.3 Doping and Related Personal and Situational Factors 19
3 Modelling Doping - A Theoretical Overview 21
3.1 A Summary of Relevant Theories on Doping 21
3.1.1 Theory of Planned Behavior 21
3.1.2 Sport Drug Control Model 22
3.1.3 Life Cycle Model 24
3.1.4 Trans-contextual Model of Avoid Doping 25
3.2 A Dual-process Perspective on Doping 27
3.3 A Person-Situation Perspective - Impact of Situation and Context 31
3.4 A Gateway to Doping 34
3.5 Implication for Further Theoretical Discussion 37
4 Aim of Thesis and General Research Questions 39
5 Publications 43
5.1 Publication Manuscript 1 43
5.2 Publication Manuscript 2 51
5.3 Publication Manuscript 3 61
6 General Discussion and Conclusion 79
6.1 Future Perspectives on Research of Doping Attitudes 79
6.2 A Different Understanding of the Person-Situation Interaction 81
6.3 Bridging the Gap - An Integrative Model of Person and Situation 82
6.3.1 Situational Action Theory (SAT) 82
6.3.2 SAT - New Implications for Doping Research 90
6.4 Future Implications and Challenges for Doping Prevention 95
6.5 Conclusion 97
7 References 101
8 Appendix 130
8.1 Thesis Statement of Originality 130
8.2 Statement of Authorship 131
8.3 Curriculum Vitae 132 / Doping - as a psychosocial behavior - is more than simply violating anti-doping rules and laws. Doping has become a part of high-performance and recreational sports. Attitudes toward doping among athletes have been sufficiently proven as an important impact factor. However, theoretical consideration of the person-situation mode with other relevant factors (e.g., moral disengagement or situational factors) into an integrated understanding of doping is still needed. The first study presented in this thesis focusses on methodological issues and the assessment of implicit doping attitudes. Based on dual process theories of attitudes (e.g., Fazio, 1990), the first paper discusses the indirect measurement of doping attitudes via the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald et al., 1998) as a tool to overcome limitations of self-reported attitudes. The second study presented here uses a broader understanding of doping and focuses on the parallelism of doping and doping-like behavior. The study analyzes the use of NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) in different intake situations. The influence of situation and person factors is tested by using the assumption of high- and low-cost situations from the Rational Choice Theory and Routine Activity Approach (e.g., Clarke & Cornish, 1985; Cohen & Felson, 1979). Finally, research has shown that moral decision-making has an impact on doping behavior (e.g., Ntoumanis et al., 2014). Ethical dilemma training (e.g., Elbe & Brand, 2016) may be employed as a new method to increase moral decision-making ability and to strengthen moral values and beliefs. Accordingly, the third research paper presented discusses this as a new approach to doping prevention. Overall, this thesis introduces Situational Action Theory ( e.g., Wikström, 2014) as an integrative theoretical approach, focussing on the person-situation interaction, as well as on moral decision-making. Further implications for doping research and for prevention are discussed.:List of Publications III
List of Figures IV
List of Tables VI
Abstract VII
Zusammenfassung VIII
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Historical Overview on Doping in Sports 1
1.2 Defining Doping - Strengths and Weaknesses 3
1.2.1 World Anti-Doping Code 4
1.2.2 Limitations of WADA Code 6
1.2.3 Doping as (Deviant) Social Behavior 7
2 A Review on Current Research on Doping 11
2.1 Prevalence of Doping Elite and Recreational Sport 11
2.2 Doping and Legal and Illegal Substance (Mis-)Use 15
2.3 Doping and Related Personal and Situational Factors 19
3 Modelling Doping - A Theoretical Overview 21
3.1 A Summary of Relevant Theories on Doping 21
3.1.1 Theory of Planned Behavior 21
3.1.2 Sport Drug Control Model 22
3.1.3 Life Cycle Model 24
3.1.4 Trans-contextual Model of Avoid Doping 25
3.2 A Dual-process Perspective on Doping 27
3.3 A Person-Situation Perspective - Impact of Situation and Context 31
3.4 A Gateway to Doping 34
3.5 Implication for Further Theoretical Discussion 37
4 Aim of Thesis and General Research Questions 39
5 Publications 43
5.1 Publication Manuscript 1 43
5.2 Publication Manuscript 2 51
5.3 Publication Manuscript 3 61
6 General Discussion and Conclusion 79
6.1 Future Perspectives on Research of Doping Attitudes 79
6.2 A Different Understanding of the Person-Situation Interaction 81
6.3 Bridging the Gap - An Integrative Model of Person and Situation 82
6.3.1 Situational Action Theory (SAT) 82
6.3.2 SAT - New Implications for Doping Research 90
6.4 Future Implications and Challenges for Doping Prevention 95
6.5 Conclusion 97
7 References 101
8 Appendix 130
8.1 Thesis Statement of Originality 130
8.2 Statement of Authorship 131
8.3 Curriculum Vitae 132
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:85992 |
| Date | 13 June 2023 |
| Creators | Melzer, Marcus |
| Contributors | Universität Leipzig |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion, doc-type:doctoralThesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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