Análise da combustão e das emissões de um motor flex usando misturas heterogêneas de combustíveis / Combustion and emissions analysis of a flex fuel cycle engine using heterogeneous mixtures of fuels

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Previous issue date: 2017-09-21 / Nesta pesquisa investiga-se a viabilidade do uso de misturas heterogêneas de combustíveis compostas por etanol e gás natural veicular (GNV) em motor flex fuel (Flex). Os motores Flex, no Brasil, são abastecidos com gasolina E27 (com até 27% de etanol anidro e 73% de gasolina), etanol, GNV ou qualquer mistura de etanol e gasolina. Ao funcionarem com o GNV apresentam vantagens pela menor emissão de dióxido de carbono (CO2), monóxido de carbono (CO) e óxidos de nitrogênio (NOX), mas são desvantajosos com relação às emissões de hidrocarbonetos (HC) em baixas rotações quando comparados ao utilizarem gasolina ou etanol, além da perda de potência variando de 10 a 20%. Esta pesquisa objetiva encontrar uma mistura de etanol-GNV, cuja combustão possa reduzir, as emissões de CO, HC e NOx do motor Flex em relação ao modo GNV. Os testes foram conduzidos num motor Flex de 2000 cilindradas, com duas válvulas por cilindro. No motor foi instalado um sistema de gerenciamento de injeção eletrônica de GNV funcionando concomitantemente com a injeção de combustível líquido. Fez-se inicialmente a medição da vazão de etanol (E100), do GNV (E0) e de diferentes misturas de etanol-GNV (E20, E40, E60, E80). Para a avaliação dos parâmetros das emissões de CO2, CO, O2, HC e NOx, das eficiências (térmica, volumétrica e mecânica), consumo específico de combustível e custo operacional, calibrou-se primeiramente o motor para o uso de E0 e de E100. Os testes foram realizados em modo estacionário e dinâmico, cujas emissões foram medidas através do analisador de gases. No modo estacionário mediram-se as emissões de gases de exaustão em velocidade angular de 1000 e 2500 RPM (rotações por minuto); no modo dinâmico mediram-se além das emissões, a potência e o consumo de combustível com o motor submetido a 25% de carga a 2000, 2500, 3000 RPM e à carga total num dinamômetro ativo para até 290 kW. Os melhores resultados obtiveram-se para a mistura E20. Comparando-se com E0, a mistura E20 resultou uma média de 55,33%, 31%, 29,86% e 57,41% na diminuição das emissões de CO, O2, HC e de NOx, respectivamente, com um aumento médio das emissões de CO2 em 5,81%; foi observado também perda de 2,45% de potência líquida, além do aumento de 2,35%, 1,25%, 1,41%, 16,94% e 18,85% para eficiência térmica, eficiência volumétrica, eficiência mecânica, consumo específico de combustível e do custo operacional, respectivamente / This research has investigated the feasibility of using heterogeneous fuel blends composed of ethanol and compressed natural gas (CNG) in flex-fuel engines. In Brazil, such vehicles are fueled by E27 gasoline (up to 27% anhydrous ethanol and 73% gasoline), ethanol, CNG or any ethanol and gasoline blend. When running on CNG, they offer advantages due to lower carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions, although they are disadvantageous with respect to hydrocarbon emissions (HC) at low revolutions, especially if compared to being run on gasoline or ethanol, in addition to power loss ranging from 10 to 20%. Thus, it is aimed to find an ethanol-CNG blend whose combustion can reduce CO, HC and NOx emissions from flex-fuel engines in comparison with the CNG mode. Tests have been conducted on a 2000cc flex-fuel engine with two valves per cylinder. It was installed an electronic CNG injection system operating concomitantly with the liquid fuel injection system. Flows of ethanol (E100), CNG (E0) and different ethanol-CNG blends (E20, E40, E60, E80) were initially measured. In order to evaluate levels of CO2, CO, O2, HC and NOx emissions, efficiency (thermal, volumetric and mechanical), specific fuel consumption and operating cost, the engine was initially calibrated to run on E0 and E100. The emissions tests were performed in stationary and dynamic mode. In stationary mode, exhaust emissions were measured at 1000 and 2500 RPM (revolutions per minute); in dynamic mode, power and fuel consumption were measured while the engine was subjected to 25% load at 2000, 2500, and 3000 RPM, in addition to repeating exhaust gas and power tests at full load with an active dynamometer at up to 290 kW. Optimal results were obtained for blend E20. If compared to E0, E20 resulted in an average of 55.33%, 31%, 29.86% and 57.41% at reducing CO, O2, HC and NOX emissions, respectively, with increased CO2 emissions. It were also observed of 2.45% of gross power loss, besides an increase of 2.35%, 1.25%, 1.41%, 16.94% and 18.85% in thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, mechanical efficiency, specific fuel consumption and operating cost, respectively

Links & Downloads

1. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152162
2. 000894573
3. 33004080027P6

Tags

Combustíveis para motores

Motores

Gases de combustão

Motor Flex

Injeção concomitante

Etanol

Gases de exaustão

GNV

Flex engine

Concomitant injection

Ethanol

Exhaust gas emissions

Additional Fields

Identifer	oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/152162
Date	21 September 2017
Creators	Chiapinotto, Lino
Contributors	Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Ávila, Ivonete [UNESP], Luna, Carlos Manuel Romero [UNESP]
Publisher	Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Source Sets	IBICT Brazilian ETDs
Language	Portuguese
Detected Language	English
Type	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
Source	reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP, instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista, instacron:UNESP
Rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Relation	600, 600, 600