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Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Agricultural use of sewage sludge has become, increasingly, a practice adopted by sanitation
companies to solve partly the problem of final disposal of waste. As the sludge to be used
generally need to be dry and that the drying process can alter the distribution of metals, the
general aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature and storage time on
chemical parameters and the metal availability and distribution. The specific objectives were:
(i) to study how the drying temperature (air, 40?C and 65?C) sludge, associated with the storage
time (zero-fresh, and one year), influenced the availability of metals and the possible chemical
changes induced in the sludge, (ii) to evaluate how the high content of iron present and the
microbial activity affect the availability of metals in the sludge studied, as a function of
temperature of drying, and (iii) to characterize the soluble organic fraction leached by infrared
absorption spectrometry in samples of dried sludge at different temperatures and stored for one
year. Fresh and stored for one year sludge were dried with forced air circulation, grounded and
chemical analyzed. The BCR sequential extraction was applied to assess the availability and
distribution of metals. The drying of sewage sludge in the air encouraged increasing availability of
metals, however, where temperature increased it diminished due to binding of metals with more
stable compounds. The reduction of total organic carbon due to volatilization and biodegradation
was favored by increased temperature. The decrease in the levels of iron and zinc, with increasing
time and temperature drying to constant weight and pH close to neutral, favored readsorption
and/or precipitation of metals to less labile forms. The wet sewage sludge, stored in refrigerated
conditions (4?C), was subjected to different times and drying temperatures in the greenhouse and,
after being re-moistened been and incubated (28 ? 1?C) for zero, one and three days. The methods
of fumigation extraction and Mehlich3 were used to assess the microbial activity and availability
of metals, respectively. Increased levels of soluble organic carbon and iron were directly related to
the increase of incubation time and temperature drying. For leaching, the dried sludge?s were
packed in PVC columns of 50 mm and related to the mass of wet sludge, on a dry basis. The
increase in drying temperature of the sludge increased the organic carbon dissolved in the leachate
extract, without, however, a corresponding increase in metal content in this extract. / A utiliza??o agr?cola de lodos de esgoto tem se tornado, cada vez mais, uma pr?tica adotada pelas
companhias de saneamento, para resolver, em parte, o problema da disposi??o final do res?duo.
Como o lodo para ser utilizado geralmente necessita estar seco, e que o processo de secagem pode
alterar a distribui??o de metais, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura
de secagem e do tempo de estocagem em par?metros qu?micos e na disponibilidade e distribui??o
de metais. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: (i) estudar em como a temperatura de secagem (ao ar,
40?C e 65?C) do lodo, associada ao tempo de estocagem (zero ? fresco, e um ano), influencia na
disponibilidade de metais e quais as poss?veis altera??es qu?micas provocadas no lodo; (ii) avaliar
em como os elevados teores de ferro presentes e a atividade microbiana afetam a disponibilidade
de metais no lodo estudado em fun??o da varia??o da temperatura de secagem e (iii) caracterizar a
fra??o org?nica sol?vel lixiviada por espectrometria de absor??o no infravermelho, nas amostras
de lodo secas em diferentes temperaturas e estocadas por um ano. O lodo fresco e estocado por
um ano, ap?s secagem em estufa com circula??o for?ada de ar, foi mo?do e submetido ?s an?lises
qu?micas. Na avalia??o da disponibilidade e distribui??o de metais foi utilizado o m?todo de
extra??o seq?encial do BCR. A secagem do lodo ao ar favoreceu o aumento da disponibilidade de
metais, por?m, em temperaturas maiores esta diminuiu devido ? liga??o dos metais com
compostos mais est?veis. A redu??o de carbono org?nico total devido ? volatiliza??o e
biodegrada??o foi favorecida pelo aumento de temperatura. A diminui??o nos teores de ferro e
zinco com o aumento do tempo e da temperatura de secagem a peso constante e o pH pr?ximo da
neutralidade favorecem a readsor??o e/ou precipita??o de metais para formas menos l?beis. O
lodo de esgoto ?mido, estocado em condi??es refrigeradas (4?C), foi submetido aos diferentes
tempos e temperaturas de secagem na estufa e, ap?s ser re-umedecido e incubado (28 ? 1?C) por
zero, um e tr?s dias. Para avalia??o da atividade microbiana e disponibilidade de metais foi
utilizado o m?todo de fumiga??o extra??o e o extrator Mehlich 3, respectivamente. O aumento
dos teores de carbono org?nico sol?vel e ferro foi diretamente relacionado ao aumento do tempo
de incuba??o e temperatura de secagem. Para a lixivia??o, as amostras de lodos secas foram
empacotadas em colunas de PVC de 50 mm e relacionados ? massa do lodo ?mido, em base seca.
O aumento na temperatura de secagem do lodo causou o aumento no teor de carbono org?nico
dissolvido no extrato lixiviado, n?o havendo, por?m, aumento correspondente no teor de metais
nesse extrato.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/2359 |
| Date | 26 February 2010 |
| Creators | L?, Otavio Raymundo |
| Contributors | Mazur, Nelson, Amaral Sobrinho, Nelson Moura Brasil do, Barra, Cristina Maria, Pereira, Marcos Gerv?sio, Santelli, Ricardo Erthal, Soares, Fabiana dos Santos, Campos, David Vilas boas de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Agronomia e Ci?ncia do Solo, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Agronomia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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