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Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / This master thesis aimed the study of different extraction techniques and the influence of different particle sizes in maximizing the yield of essential oil from the seeds of dill, an herb widely used in cooking and in traditional folk medicine and has a wide range of properties conferred such as antimicrobial, antibacterial and antioxidant. The techniques used for obtaining the essential oil were extracted by steam distillation and hydrodistillation, where different average particle sizes of crushed seed and anise were considered, and extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide, where besides the variation of average particle sizes it was used different pressure values. For the supercritical extraction, it was then used the response surface method in which the variables pressure and average particle diameter were investigated, also a 2? factorial design was used to determine the number of experiments required. The best conditions for the three extractive methods were found, being larger diameters of particles to steam distillation and hydrodistillation, and 10,000 kPa and smaller diameter particles to the supercritical extraction. In this evaluation, it was performed mathematical modeling of the yield versus time curves of the best extraction conditions for each of the techniques. The extracts were analyzed in a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer, after, the results have undergone a statistical analysis of major components, which were divided into 3 different groups according to their similar compositions. Finally, its antibacterial activities were tested where all extracts showed activity against E. coli. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo sobre algumas diferentes t?cnicas de extra??o e a influ?ncia de diferentes granulometrias na maximiza??o do rendimento do ?leo essencial das sementes do endro, uma erva utilizada na culin?ria e na medicina popular tradicional e que possui uma ampla gama de propriedades atribu?das tais como atividade antibacteriana, antif?ngica e antioxidante. As t?cnicas realizadas para a obten??o do ?leo essencial foram: extra??o por arraste a vapor e hidrodestila??o, onde diferentes tamanhos m?dios das part?culas de sementes mo?das do endro foram considerados, e extra??o com di?xido de carbono supercr?tico, onde al?m da varia??o dos tamanhos m?dios das part?culas, foram empregados diferentes valores de press?es. Para a extra??o supercr?tica, foi ent?o utilizado o m?todo de superf?cie de respostas onde as vari?veis, press?o e di?metro m?dio de part?culas foram investigados, tamb?m, um planejamento fatorial 2? foi aplicado para determinar a quantidade de experimentos necess?rios. As melhores condi??es nos tr?s m?todos extrativos foram encontradas, sendo maiores di?metros de part?culas para o arraste a vapor e a hidrodestila??o e 10.000 kPa e menor di?metro de part?culas para a extra??o supercr?tica. Al?m desta avalia??o, foram realizadas modelagens matem?ticas das curvas de rendimento versus tempo das melhores condi??es de extra??o referente a cada uma das t?cnicas. Os extratos foram analisados em um cromat?grafo a g?s acoplado a um espectr?metro de massas, ap?s, os resultados passaram por uma an?lise estat?stica de componentes principais, onde foram divididos em tr?s diferentes grupos de acordo com suas semelhantes composi??es. Por fim, suas a??es antibacterianas foram testadas onde todos os extratos apresentaram atividade frente a E. coli.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/6963 |
| Date | 03 August 2016 |
| Creators | Garcez, Jos? Jacques |
| Contributors | Vargas, Rubem M?rio Figueir?, Cassel, Eduardo |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Engenharia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | -7432719344215120122, 600, 600, 600, -655770572761439785, 4518971056484826825 |
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