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Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / A detec??o de microcontaminantes de interesse emergente em amostras ambientais
de ?guas superficiais, ?guas subterr?neas, ?gua pot?vel, ?guas residu?rias e
efluentes de esta??es de tratamento de ?gua e esgoto (ETAs e ETEs), em v?rios
pa?ses, indica que esses poluentes encontram-se disseminados pelo meio ambiente,
principalmente em regi?es urbanizadas. Isto ? motivo de grande preocupa??o, pois
muitos desses compostos s?o potencialmente prejudiciais aos seres humanos e a
outros seres vivos e n?o s?o removidos eficientemente na maioria das ETAs e ETEs,
o que ? agravado pela precariedade dos servi?os de abastecimento de ?gua e
esgotamento sanit?rio. Em Natal/RN, a exemplo de outras cidades brasileiras, o
sistema de esgotamento sanit?rio atende apenas uma parte da ?rea urbana (cerca
de 30%), de modo que o restante do esgoto ? infiltrado no solo arenoso da regi?o,
em sistema de fossa s?ptica e sumidouro. Isto tem resultado na contamina??o das
?guas subterr?neas da regi?o (aqu?fero Dunas-Barreiras, que abastece mais de 50%
da popula??o da cidade), o que tem sido observado pela eleva??o da concentra??o
de nitrato nos po?os de abastecimento. A vulnerabilidade do aqu?fero DunasBarreiras,
aliada aos relatos da presen?a de microcontaminantes de interesse
emergente no Brasil e no mundo, motivaram a realiza??o desta pesquisa, que
investigou a ocorr?ncia de quinze microcontaminantes nas ?guas subterr?neas e
nos esgotos de Natal/RN. Foram coletadas amostras em cinco po?os usados para
abastecimento, no esgoto bruto e nos efluentes dos reatores biol?gicos de uma ETE
(UASB seguido de sistema de lodo ativado). Foram realizadas duas coletas de cada
amostra, com uma semana de intervalo entre as coletas. Para a determina??o dos
contaminantes, foi realizada a extra??o das amostras de ?gua do aqu?fero, e do
esgoto bruto e tratado atrav?s da t?cnica SPE utilizando cartuchos Strata X
(Phenomenex?), para a ?gua do aqu?fero, e Strata SAX e Strata X (Phenomenex?),
para as amostras de esgotos bruto e tratado. Posteriormente os extratos foram
analisados utilizando a t?cnica de CG-MS. Grande parte dos microcontaminantes
analisados foram detectados nas ?guas subterr?neas e nos esgotos, sendo as
concentra??es nas ?guas subterr?neas geralmente inferiores ?s dos esgotos.
Alguns dos microcontaminantes (estrona, estradiol, bisfenol A, cafe?na, diclofenaco,
naproxeno, paracetamol e ibuprofeno) s?o parcialmente removidos na ETE. / The detection of emerging interest microcontaminants in environmental samples of
surface water, groundwater, drinking water, wastewater and effluents from water and
sewage treatment plants (WTP and STP), in many countries, suggests these
pollutants are widespread in the environment, mainly in urban areas. This is a reason
for great concern, since many of these compounds are potentially harmful for
humans other living beings, and they are not efficiently removed in the majority of
WTP and STP, which is exacerbated by precariousness of water supply and
sanitation services. In Natal, like other Brazilian cities, the sewage system serves
only part of the urban area (about 30%), so that the rest of the wastewater is
infiltrated in the sandy soil of the region in cesspool-dry well systems. This has
resulted in contamination of groundwater in the area (sand-dune barrier aquifer,
which supplies more than 50% of the city population), which has been observed by
the increase in nitrate concentration in supply wells. The vulnerability of the sanddune
barrier aquifer, combined with reports of the presence of emerging interest
microcontaminants in Brazil and worldwide, led to this research, which investigated
the occurrence of fifteen microcontaminants in Natal groundwater and sewage.
Samples were collected at five wells used for water supply, the raw sewage and the
effluents from biological reactors from STP (UASB and activated sludge reactors).
Two samples of each sample were taken, with one week apart between the samples.
To determine the contaminants, extraction of aquifer water, and raw and treated
sewage samples were performed, through the technique of using SPE Strata X
cartridge (Phenomenex?) to the aquifer water, and Strata SAX and Strata X
(Phenomenex? ) for samples of raw and treated sewage. Subsequently the extracts
were analyzed using GC-MS technique. Much of the analyzed microcontaminants
were detected in groundwater and sewage. The concentrations in groundwater are
generally lower than those found in the sewers. Some of the compounds (estrone,
estradiol, bisphenol A, caffeine, diclofenac, naproxen, paracetamol and ibuprofen)
are partially removed at STP.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/20030 |
| Date | 27 February 2015 |
| Creators | Silva, Francisco Francimar da Fonseca |
| Contributors | 75200252415, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9048384392428073, Lucas Filho, Manoel, 06704816453, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9239687978036571, Aquino, S?rgio Francisco de, 82170096604, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8758653660694681, Sena, Rennio F?lix de, Santos, H?lio Rodrigues dos |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA SANIT?RIA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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