Return to search

中國大陸城鄉居民收入差距之研究

本論文的研究主題,在於探討中國大陸自鄧小平南巡後,尤其自一九九五年之後,所呈現的城鄉居民收入差距再度經歷的「縮小-擴大」之現象,其形成的背景,現況,以及造成的因素等等,是否對於中國大陸未來的經濟發展產生重大影響?另外,大陸各區域之間城鄉居民收入差距的變遷情況,以及形成的因素為何?均是本文所要研究的重點。
在研究方法的選擇上,本文運用「文獻分析法」以及「實證分析法」,首先對於國內外有關於研究大陸城鄉居民收入差距的相關文獻進行整理與分析,比較其重點與異同,並針對不足之處加以延伸及補充。接著運用中國統計年鑑等中國官方所提供的大陸29個地區的統計數據資料,以一九九五年至二00一年作為主要的研究的時期,由於研究的資料是為追蹤資料,在經過Lagrange Multiplier(LM)Test 檢驗後,發現運用「固定效果模型」,將較傳統的OLS模型更為合適。因此以固定效果模型,對影響大陸城鄉居民收入差距的因素進行實證分析。
本研究的主要發現為,隨著時間的遞移,大陸城鄉居民收入差距是呈現擴大的趨勢。而對於大陸整體地區而言,長期以來導致大陸城鄉分隔的二元經濟結構因素,以及政策面的因素,諸如財政支援農業發展的比重,以及一胎化政策實行之後,城鄉家庭在人口負擔上所造成的差異等等,均會對大陸整體地區城鄉居民收入差距產生影響。
此外,本文針對中國大陸東、中、西部所呈現的不同特質,分別研究其各自影響城鄉居民收入差距的因素,並比較其間的差異。結果發現,城鄉從業人員在工資上的差距,將會擴大中部地區城鄉居民收入差距;而大陸近年致力推動的吸引外資政策,也對平衡東部及中部地區城鄉居民收入差距具有顯著效果。另外,國有部門比重增加將會加大西部地區城鄉居民收入差距,但鄉鎮企業比重的增加,除了加大中部地區城鄉居民收入差距以外,對於大陸整體地區,以及東、西部地區的影響並不確定。
最後,本文依據上述的研究結果提出政策建議。本文認為,現階段大陸城鄉居民收入差距的擴大,除了時間趨勢的影響之外,也受到其他諸多因素的影響。是以就長期而言,中國在平衡城鄉居民收入差距的各項政策執行上,要獲致效果,仍須致力克服結構面、經濟發展面、以及政策面因素的影響,並適時對執行政策作修正與調整。因此,未來中國在政策的選擇上,除了重視農業發展,加速產業結構調整,保持工業及農業的平衡之外,消除二元結構所造成的城鄉分隔,促進城鄉經濟協調發展,將對於平衡大陸城鄉居民收入差距具有最大的正面助益。 / This thesis aims to investigate the changes in mainland China’s regional urban-rural income differential and its determinants during the period of 1995 to 2001. After we estimate the fixed-effects model of the urban-rural income differential equation, the empirical results show an upward trend in the differential that is different from data observation. In addition, it is found that the change in mainland China’s regional urban-rural income differential is primarily affected by dual-system of the economic structure, as well as the policy factor such as the government expenditure for supporting agriculture production and the change in average size of family households after the one-child policy has been taken in practice.
Although the different between the wages of urban-rural employed persons has been proved to be an important determinant in many previous studies in the literature, this conclusion can be supported only in the central part of mainland China during the refereed period in this study. Beside, instead of taking contribution to the mitigation of China’s regional urban-rural income differential, the increasing of the proportion on Township and Village Enterprises has been proved to intensify the urban-rural income differential on the central part of China.
Finally, according to this study, the best way to mitigate the China’s regional urban-rural income differential is to allocate more resources to modify the industrial structure, placing important on both agriculture and industry. What is more, to terminate the dual-system of the economic structure factor, and to balance the development of cities and countries of China, will also contribute to the mitigation of the China’s regional urban-rural income differential.

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/N2003000015
Creators楊思茵
Publisher國立政治大學
Source SetsNational Chengchi University Libraries
Language中文
Detected LanguageEnglish
Typetext
RightsCopyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders

Page generated in 0.0017 seconds