The yeast cell wall confers shape and integrity and serves as a first barrier against adverse environmental conditions. This thesis provides a first analysis of the cell wall structure of the milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and compares it to the one of the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cell wall of K. lactis is 60 nm thick in glucose-grown cells and increases to 100 nm on ethanol media, whereas S. cerevisiae displays a cell wall thickness of 100 nm under both conditions. The cell wall proteome of K. lactis shares several homologs with the one of S. cerevisiae, but also contains three proteins not found in the latter. Moreover, three of the common cell wall proteins have two isoforms in K. lactis, but only one in S. cerevisiae.
The restructuring of the cell wall on different carbon sources (i.e. glucose versus ethanol) indicates a relation between cell wall synthesis and/or remodeling and glucose signaling. Therefore, a key regulator which mediates the glucose response in S. cerevisiae, the SNF1 protein kinase complex, was further investigated.
Mutants lacking the kinase activity have a thinner cell wall and show pronounced cell wall phenotypes in S. cerevisiae, i.e. they are hypersensitive to Zymolyase, Congo red, Calcofluor white and to the antifungal agent Caspofungin. Epistasis analyses with mutants affecting cell wall integrity signaling indicate that the SNF1 complex acts in parallel to the CWI pathway, which is induced upon cell wall stress. Immunological detection reveals the phosphorylation of Thr210 in the Snf1 kinase subunit, which is an indication for the activation of the kinase complex. Genetic analyses suggest that the transcriptional repressor Mig1 may be a downstream target mediating the cellular response. Further epistasis analyses with glycolytic mutants indicate that the availability of glucose-6-phosphate influences the cell wall phenotype of snf1Δ mutants. Hence, the role of the SNF1 complex in cell wall integrity is related to the glucose metabolism and glycolytic flux. This work provides the first comprehensive analysis of the role of glucose signaling and the SNF1 complex in yeast cell wall biosynthesis.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uni-osnabrueck.de/oai:repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de:urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2013041710782 |
| Date | 17 April 2013 |
| Creators | Backhaus, Katja |
| Contributors | Prof. Dr. Jürgen J. Heinisch, apl. Prof. Dr. Hans Merzendorfer |
| Source Sets | Universität Osnabrück |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | doc-type:doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/zip, application/pdf |
| Rights | Namensnennung-NichtKommerziell-KeineBearbeitung 3.0 Unported, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ |
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