Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to understand the processes and factors that explain the framing of HIV and
AIDS policy in Botswana, South Africa and Swaziland. Africa remains the global epicentre of
the HIV and AIDS epidemic with Southern Africa remaining the most affected region in the
world. The investigation centres on the HIV and AIDS policymaking discourses and dynamics
leading to the securitisation of the epidemic in the three countries. The central focus of the study
covers the timeframe of the leadership of President Mogae in Botswana, President Mbeki in
South Africa and King Mswati III in Swaziland. This period is important as it characterises the
HIV and AIDS epidemic being elevated onto the political agenda of the respective countries.
This dissertation relies on two strands of theoretical literature namely, public policy theory and
securitisation theory to help explain the framing of policy decision-making that leads to the
process of securitisation of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in the three countries.
This study is a multiple case study within the qualitative research paradigm. This research is
based on three case studies: Botswana, South Africa and Swaziland. As far as data collection is
concerned, this study drew on primary sources of data, which consisted of documents obtained
during the fieldwork from various stakeholders such as such as official government documents,
as well as official documents from international and domestic HIV and AIDS organisations.
Twenty semi-structured interviews were also conducted between 2007 and 2008 with various
stakeholders including government officials, representatives of domestic and international HIV
and AIDS organisations operating in the respective countries, researchers from think tanks and
academics. In addition, eleven exploratory interviews were also conducted as part of the
fieldwork process. Furthermore this study also relied on various secondary sources of data such
as scholarly articles and books, official documents and legislation and newspaper articles. The preliminary results collected and analysed in this study suggest that Botswana, South Africa
and Swaziland have all demonstrated a degree of formal commitment to adopting international
guidelines to combat the epidemic. The thesis shows that while all three countries may share the
burden of the epidemic, each presents a different political, social and cultural identity with different institutional architects (both foreign and domestic) that determined the nature of the
response policy to the epidemic.
The study shows that each of the three case studies presents an example of differing degrees of
securitisation attempts: i) Botswana - successful securitisation; ii) South Africa - unsuccessful
securitisation; and iii) Swaziland - partial securitisation because different actors and audiences
are positioned at varying points along a spectrum of securitisation. This degree of securitisation
can be linked to the acceptance of international ideas and the prevailing global discourse
regarding the HIV and AIDS epidemic and the openness to forming collaborative agreements
between state and non-state actors in each of the three countries. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om ’n begrip te ontwikkel van die prosesse en faktore wat verklaar hoe
beleid rondom MIV en VIGS in Botswana, Suid-Afrika en Swaziland geraam word. Die Afrikavasteland
is nog steeds die wêreld se MIV en VIGS-episentrum en die Suider-Afrika-streek loop
die mees gebuk onder die epidemie. Die ontleding sentreer op die MIV en VIGS
beleidsdiskoerse en die dinamieke wat aanleiding gee tot die beveiliging van die epidemie in die
drie lande. Die kollig val op die tyd toe President Mogae van Botswana, President Mbeki van
Suid-Afrika en Koning Mswati III van Swaziland aan bewind was. Hierdie periode is van belang
omdat dit die tyd was toe MIV en VIGS op die drie lande se politieke agendas geplaas is.
Die proefskrif gebruik literatuur uit twee teoretiese velde, naamlik openbare beleidsteorie en
sekuriteitsteorie, om te verklaar hoe daar op bepaalde beleide besluit word, hoe dit geraam word,
en die proses waarvolgens MIV en VIGS gevolglik in die drie lande beveilig word.
Die studie is ’n meervuldige gevallestudie binne die kwalitatiewe navorsingsparadigma. Die
navorsing is op drie gevallestudies gebaseer, te wete Botswana, Suid-Afrika en Swaziland. Ten
opsigte van data-insameling, het die studie van primêre databronne gebruik gemaak bestaande uit
bewysstukke wat van verskeie belangegroepe verkry is. Hierdie stukke beslaan amptelike
regeringsdokumente en amptelike dokumentasie van internasionale sowel as nasionale MIV en
VIGS-organisasies. Daar is ook met verskeie belangegroepe onderhoude gevoer. Die
belangegroepe het bestaan uit regeringsamptenare, die verteenwoordigers van nasionale en
internasionale MIV en VIGS-organisasies betrokke in die drie lande, akademici, en kundiges by
navorsingsinstansies. Twintig semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is in 2007 en 2008 gevoer.
Boonop is daar as deel van die empiriese navorsing 11 verkenningsonderhoude gevoer. Die
studie het ook van verskeie sekondêre databronne soos vakwetenskaplike artikels en boeke,
amptelike dokumentasie, wetaktes en koerantartikels gebruik gemaak. Die voorlopige bevindinge dui dat Botswana, Suid-Afrika en Swaziland elkeen hulself tot ’n
mate formeel tot internasionale riglyne verbind het om die epidemie te beveg. Die proefskrif bewys dat ofskoon al drie lande swaar aan die las van die epidemie dra, daar by elkeen
verskillende politieke, maatskaplike en kulturele identiteite, asook institusionele argitekte
(plaaslik sowel as buitelands) bestaan wat die aard van die beleidsrespons bepaal het.
Die studie dui verskillende grade van beveiliging by elkeen van die gevallestudies: i) Botswana –
suksesvolle beveiliging; ii) Suid-Afrika – onsuksesvolle beveiliging; en iii) Swaziland – gedeeltelike beveiliging. Hierdie grade van beveiliging kan verklaar word aan die hand van die
mate waartoe daar by elkeen van die lande aanvaarding was van internasionale denke en diskoers
oor die MIV en VIGS-epidemie en of samewerking tussen staats- en nie-staatsakteurs
bewerkstellig is.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/95864 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Moffat, Craig Vincent |
| Contributors | Cornelissen, Scarlett, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Political Science. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xvi, 270 p. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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