Erkenntnisse über das Fahrerleben, also die subjektive Sicht von Fahrern auf Ereignisse im Fahralltag, wurden bisher vor allem retrospektiv gewonnen und sind damit anfällig für mitunter weitreichende Verfälschungen. Diese Dissertation verfolgte den Ansatz, das subjektive Fahrerleben auf alltäglichen Fahrten so situationsnah wie möglich zu erfassen. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, eine breite Datenbasis von subjektiv beanspruchenden Situationen für jüngere und ältere Fahrer zu generieren, um auch unbewusst vorhandene Unterstützungsbedürfnisse zu erfassen und damit eine bedarfsgerechte Entwicklung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen zu unterstützen.
Es wurden 40 jüngere (M = 32,35 Jahre; SD = 3,58) und 40 ältere (M = 66,05 Jahre; SD = 4,13) Fahrer, je 20 Männer und Frauen, in ihrem Fahralltag über einen Zeitraum von jeweils 10 Tagen untersucht. Die Probanden hielten für sie relevante Situationen in kurzen Sprachprotokollen während der Fahrt über die Aufnahmefunktion in einem Smartphone fest. Unterstützt wurde die Situationsbetrachtung durch eine Videoaufnahme der Fahrsituation, sowie im Smartphone erfasste Geschwindigkeits-, Beschleunigungsdaten und GPS.
Im Versuchszeitraum wurden insgesamt 1074 für die Auswertung relevante Sprachprotokolle während der Fahrt aufgezeichnet. Es ließen sich dabei 301 verschiedene Auslöser für die Aufnahme eines Sprachprotokolls unterscheiden. Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen und den geäußerten Unterstützungswünschen der Probanden wurden fünf verschiedene Unterstützungsbedürfnisse identifiziert, aus denen sich Anforderungen für Fahrerassistenzsysteme und Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen ableiten lassen. / Insights into driver experience, i.e. the driver's subjective view on events in everyday driving, have so far been gained mainly retrospectively (e.g. through interviews or online surveys). From a methodic perspective this means that reports and judgment are provided somewhat later after the event and therefore can be biased. In recent years, research in the field of driver-vehicle interaction has increasingly been enriched by natural driving studies (NDS). Since this method captures driving behavior in the natural driving context, it provides very realistic insights into events that drivers experience on a daily basis. So far, however, the focus has been on an objective view of driving behavior and environmental conditions with the aim of capturing parameters that provide an indication of future safety-critical situations. The subjective view of the driver, e.g. which situations he assesses as demanding, was hardly considered. The idea of the dissertation thesis was to capture subjective driver experience and support wishes of drivers in a NDS-like study. The aim of the study was to generate a broad database of subjectively demanding situations for younger and elder drivers, in order to detect unconsciously existing support needs and thus to support the user-centered development of driver assistance systems.
Participants were 40 younger (M = 32.35 years, SD = 3.58) and 40 elder (M = 66.05 years, SD = 4.13) drivers, 20 men and 20 women each. Over the period of 10 days they documented each journey by questionnaires before and after each ride. Furthermore a smartphone with a specially programmed application was used as a recording device. Through short speech protocols the participants commented on every relevant driving situation. Considered as relevant - beyond critical events - were all special incidents or situations that were notable for the drivers or in which they wished for support in whatever form. The application also recorded GPS, speed and acceleration data as well as a video of the driving situation during relevant situations. A personal interview took place at the end of each trial period.
As a result, a total of 1074 speech protocols were recorded while driving. They showed a very high range of situations that were notable for the participants. A total of 301 different triggers for recording a speech protocol could be distinguished. In addition, the consideration of the verbalized reaction of the drivers in the situations was important. The results were examined with regard to possible differences in age and gender groups. On the basis of the results and the expressed support wishes of the participants, five different support needs were identified, from which requirements for future driver assistance systems and human-machine interfaces can be derived.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:31866 |
| Date | 09 November 2018 |
| Creators | Simon, Katharina |
| Contributors | Spanner-Ulmer, Birgit, Spanner-Ulmer, Birgit, Bengler, Klaus, Müller, Egon, Technische Universität Chemnitz |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | German |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion, doc-type:doctoralThesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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