Our lab has recently shown that IL-19 is expressed in angiogenic ECs, opening the possibility for its use as a medicine to increase perfusion in patients with PAD. The first aim of the current study is to show IL-19’s ability to increase perfusion in vivo using C57BL/6 wild type and IL-19 KO mice in the hindlimb ischemia (HLI) model. Wild-type mice injected with 10ng/g/day of rmIL-19 after being subject to hindlimb ischemia showed significantly greater levels of perfusion than PBS injected littermates. Immunohistochemistry of harvested gastrocnemius muscle showed a greater level of capillary density in IL-19 injected mice as well. IL-19-/- mice also showed a slower recovery of perfusion in a ligated limb in addition to less CD31 positive cells in gastrocnemius muscle when compared to C57BL/6 wild type mice. IL-19 -/- mice also showed increased perfusion when injected with rmIL-19. The second aim of the study is to show more precisely if IL-19 increases angiogenesis by increasing angiogenic cytokine production, polarizing macrophage phenotype, or by influencing angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Spleen, serum, and bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) from mouse models used in Aim 1 showed increased levels of angiogenic cytokines, decreased anti-angiogenic cytokines, and markers of M2 macrophage polarization when IL-19 was injected i.p. or present genetically. The third aim of the study examines whether or not IL-19 can increase perfusion within an atherosclerotic background. It also addresses whether IL-19 can both simultaneously reduce atherosclerosis and increase perfusion. This aim also uses mice lacking LDLR-/- genes to further evaluate these questions. LDLR-/- mice fed a high fat diet for 12 weeks underwent HLI and had perfusion levels measured using Doppler imaging in addition to four weeks of 10ng/g/day of IL-19 or PBS injections. Upon sacrifice mice also had their aortas harvested and stained for plaque measurement. This experiment seeks to demonstrate if IL-19 can increase perfusion on an atherosclerotic background. Additionally, a second set of experiments addresses if LDLR-/- mice injected with recombinant mouse IL-19 (rmIL-19) or PBS for 16 weeks on a HFD in addition to HLI being performed at week 12 showed decreased levels of plaque and increased levels of hindlimb perfusion. These experiments seek to demonstrate if IL-19 can simultaneously reduce atherosclerosis while increasing perfusion. A third set of experiments attempts to evaluate the hypothesis that double knock out mice (DKO) lacking both LDLR and IL-19 genes will have increased plaque after being fed a HFD for 16 weeks. These aims all support the overall hypothesis that IL-19 can increase angiogenesis while additionally proving to be anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic in vivo / Physiology
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:TEMPLE/oai:scholarshare.temple.edu:20.500.12613/3470 |
| Date | January 2015 |
| Creators | Richards, Jamie Madison |
| Contributors | Autieri, Michael V., Scalia, Rosario, Kilpatrick, Laurie, Rizzo, Victor, Yang, Xiao-Feng |
| Publisher | Temple University. Libraries |
| Source Sets | Temple University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation, Text |
| Format | 96 pages |
| Rights | IN COPYRIGHT- This Rights Statement can be used for an Item that is in copyright. Using this statement implies that the organization making this Item available has determined that the Item is in copyright and either is the rights-holder, has obtained permission from the rights-holder(s) to make their Work(s) available, or makes the Item available under an exception or limitation to copyright (including Fair Use) that entitles it to make the Item available., http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
| Relation | http://dx.doi.org/10.34944/dspace/3452, Theses and Dissertations |
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