Fungi represent one of the most diverse and abundant eukaryotes on earth. The interplay
between mold exposure and the host immune system is still not fully elucidated. Literature research
focusing on up-to-date publications is providing a heterogenous picture of evidence and opinions
regarding the role of mold and mycotoxins in the development of immune diseases. While the
induction of allergic immune responses by molds is generally acknowledged, other direct health
effects like the toxic mold syndrome are controversially discussed. However, recent observations
indicate a particular importance of mold/mycotoxin exposure in individuals with pre-existing
dysregulation of the immune system, due to exacerbation of underlying pathophysiology including
allergic and non-allergic chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and even human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. In this review, we focus on the impact of
mycotoxins regarding their impact on disease progression in pre-existing immune dysregulation.
This is complemented by experimental in vivo and in vitro findings to present cellular and molecular
modes of action. Furthermore, we discuss hypothetical mechanisms of action, where evidence is
missing since much remains to be discovered.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:89082 |
| Date | 17 January 2024 |
| Creators | Kraft, Stephanie, Buchenauer, Lisa, Polte, Tobias |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, doc-type:article, info:eu-repo/semantics/article, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 12269 |
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